<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?><oembed><version><![CDATA[1.0]]></version><provider_name><![CDATA[Azimuth]]></provider_name><provider_url><![CDATA[https://johncarlosbaez.wordpress.com]]></provider_url><author_name><![CDATA[John Baez]]></author_name><author_url><![CDATA[https://johncarlosbaez.wordpress.com/author/johncarlosbaez/]]></author_url><title><![CDATA[Information and Entropy in Biological Systems (Part&nbsp;7)]]></title><type><![CDATA[link]]></type><html><![CDATA[<p>In 1961, Rolf Landauer argued that that the least possible amount of energy required to erase one bit of information stored in memory at temperature <img src='https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=T&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0' alt='T' title='T' class='latex' /> is  <img src='https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=kT+%5Cln+2%2C&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0' alt='kT &#92;ln 2,' title='kT &#92;ln 2,' class='latex' /> where <img src='https://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=k&#038;bg=ffffff&#038;fg=000&#038;s=0' alt='k' title='k' class='latex' /> is Boltzmann&#8217;s constant.</p>
<p>This is called the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landauer%27s_principle">Landauer limit</a>, and it came after many decades of arguments concerning Maxwell&#8217;s demon and the relation between information and entropy.</p>
<p>In fact, these arguments are still not finished.  For example, here&#8217;s an argument that the Landauer limit is not as solid as widely believed:</p>
<p>&bull; John D. Norton, <a href="http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/Waiting_SHPMP.pdf">Waiting for Landauer</a>, <i>Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics</i> <b>42</b> (2011), 184&ndash;198.</p>
<p>But something like the Landauer limit almost surely holds under some conditions!  And if it holds, it puts some limits on what organisms can do.  That&#8217;s what David Wolpert spoke about at our workshop! You can see his slides here:</p>
<p>&bull; <a href="http://www.santafe.edu/about/people/profile/David%20Wolpert">David Wolpert</a> &mdash; <a href="http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/nimbios/nimbios_wolpert.pdf">The Landauer limit and thermodynamics of biological organisms</a>.</p>
<p>You can also watch a video:</p>
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