<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?><oembed><version><![CDATA[1.0]]></version><provider_name><![CDATA[jcdurbant]]></provider_name><provider_url><![CDATA[https://jcdurbant.wordpress.com]]></provider_url><author_name><![CDATA[jcdurbant]]></author_name><author_url><![CDATA[https://jcdurbant.wordpress.com/author/jcdurbant/]]></author_url><title><![CDATA[Musées: Beyonce made me do it (Like works of art themselves: With a little help from its music friends&rsquo; gospel of acquisition, the world&rsquo;s top museum breaks its attendance&nbsp;record)]]></title><type><![CDATA[link]]></type><html><![CDATA[<p><span class="embed-youtube" style="text-align:center; display: block;"><iframe class="youtube-player" width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kbMqWXnpXcA?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=fr&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent" allowfullscreen="true" style="border:0;" sandbox="allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation"></iframe></span></p>
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</span> <img class="mw-mmv-final-image jpg mw-mmv-dialog-is-open alignleft" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Marie-Guillemine_Benoist_-_portrait_d%27une_negresse.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="564" /></em></h5>
<h5><em> <img class="irc_mi alignleft" src="https://www.histoire-image.org/sites/default/dor2_gericault_001f.jpg" alt="Image result for Radeau de la méduse géricault" width="450" height="306" /><img class="alignleft" src="https://i0.wp.com/download.www.arte.tv/permanent/u2/radeau_meduse/radeau_meduse_fr.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="451" /><img class="irc_mi alignleft" src="https://i0.wp.com/img.over-blog-kiwi.com/0/93/36/32/20180116/ob_2dbd9a_correard-gericault.png" alt="Image result for Radeau de la méduse géricault" width="450" height="414" /><img class="initial loaded alignleft" src="https://img.lemde.fr/2012/07/16/0/0/480/320/688/0/60/0/ill_1734102_fa19_gericaultaffiche.jpg" alt="Détail de l'affiche annonçant l'exposition " width="450" height="300" data-was-processed="true" /></em></h5>
<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em><img class="mw-mmv-final-image jpg mw-mmv-dialog-is-open alignleft" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/La_M%C3%A9duse_litho_d%27apr%C3%A8s_Hippolyte_Lecomte.jpg" alt="" width="450" height="321" /><img class="mw-mmv-final-image jpg mw-mmv-dialog-is-open alignleft" src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Paolo_Veronese_008.jpg/1920px-Paolo_Veronese_008.jpg" alt="Paolo Veronese 008.jpg" width="551" height="374" /></em><img class="alignleft" src="https://jcdurbant.files.wordpress.com/2019/01/de3af-39344352_2284751188419864_7681177876476985344_n.jpg?w=450&#038;h=450" alt="https://jcdurbant.files.wordpress.com/2019/01/de3af-39344352_2284751188419864_7681177876476985344_n.jpg" width="450" height="450" /><em><img class="gu-image alignleft" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a08c4ef31279274e165995eb0ab8ea38460929cf/233_92_1986_1192/master/1986.png?width=300&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=3f28bc1af243714b43798f673a6609f0" alt="The Carters – Apeshit" width="450" height="270" /></em></h5>
<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>Le monde moderne n’est pas mauvais : à certains égards, il est bien trop bon. Il est rempli de vertus féroces et gâchées. Lorsqu’un dispositif religieux est brisé (comme le fut le christianisme pendant la Réforme), ce ne sont pas seulement les vices qui sont libérés. Les vices sont en effet libérés, et ils errent de par le monde en faisant des ravages ; mais les vertus le sont aussi, et elles errent plus férocement encore en faisant des ravages plus terribles. Le monde moderne est saturé des vieilles vertus chrétiennes virant à la folie.</em>  <a href="http://www.pagebypagebooks.com/Gilbert_K_Chesterton/Orthodoxy/The_Suicide_of_Thought_p1.html">G.K. Chesterton</a></h5>
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<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>And moss grows fat on a rollin’ stone but that’s not how it used to be. </em><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAsV5-Hv-7U">Don McLean</a></h5>
<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>The Obamas are “Becoming” — billionaires. The launch of Michelle Obama’s cross-country book tour for her new memoir, “Becoming,” last week is just the latest marker on the road to fabulous wealth for the former first couple, who are on their way to becoming a billion-dollar brand. In addition to a $65 million book advance and an estimated $50 million deal with Netflix, both of which she shares with husband Barack Obama, the former first lady is poised to rake in millions from appearances on her 10-city US tour and sales of merchandise connected to her autobiography. And like her husband, Michelle Obama is currently in demand as a speaker for corporations and nonprofits, commanding $225,000 per appearance, The Post has learned. Forbes estimated the couple made $20.5 million in salaries and book royalties between 2005 — when Barack Obama became a US senator and they first arrived in Washington — and 2016. They are now worth more than $135 million. And that figure does not include the cash they are raking in for public speaking. (&#8230;) Barack Obama currently rakes in $400,000 per speech, and earned at least $1.2 million for three talks to Wall Street firms in 2017. The fees come on top of his $207,800 annual presidential pension, which he began receiving as soon as he left office. (&#8230;) Prices for Obama’s appearance at Brooklyn’s Barclay’s Center next month currently range from $307 to $4,070, which includes a photo with Michelle Obama and a signed copy of “Becoming.” In addition to cash from appearances and book sales, Obama will reap the benefits of hawking 25 different items of merchandise connected to the book, many of which bear her likeness and feature inspirational messages. The items include T-shirts and hoodies, a $20 “Find Your Voice” mug, and “Find Your Flame and Keep It Lit” candles, which retail for $35 each. (&#8230;) Barack Obama raked in a combined $8.8 million for “The Audacity of Hope,” published in 2006, and his children’s book, which was released in 2010. He also made nearly $7 million from “Dreams from My Father.” In addition to their multimillion-dollar literary empire, the couple is set to reap the benefits of a creative production deal they signed with Netflix earlier this year. The $50 million, multi-year deal calls on the Obamas “to produce a diverse mix of content, including the potential for scripted series, unscripted series, docuseries, documentaries and features,” which will be broadcast in 190 countries, according to a statement from the streaming service, which has 125 million subscribers around the globe.</em> <a href="https://nypost.com/2018/11/17/the-obamas-are-becoming-a-billion-dollar-brand/">NY Post</a></h5>
<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>Step my money fast and go (Fast, fast, go) </em><em>Fast like a Lambo (Skrrt, skrrt, skrrt) Crowd better savor (Crowd goin&rsquo; heavy) I can&rsquo;t believe we made it (This is what we made, made) Have you ever seen the crowd goin&rsquo; apeshit? (&#8230;) Rah, gimme my check Put some respeck on my check Or pay me in equity, pay me in equity We live it lavish, lavish I got expensive fabrics (&#8230;) You ain&rsquo;t ownin&rsquo; this Don&rsquo;t think they ownin&rsquo; this Bought him a jet Shut down Colette Phillippe Patek Get off my dick (&#8230;) Motor cade when we came through Presidential with the planes too One better get you with the residential Undefeated with the king too I said no to the Superbowl You need me, I don&rsquo;t need you Every night we in the endzone Tell the NFL we in stadiums too Last night was a fucking zoo Stagediving in a pool of people </em><span data-offset-key="8k10n-0-0"><em>Ran through Liverpool like a fucking Beatle Smoke gorilla glue like it&rsquo;s fucking legal Tell the Grammy&rsquo;s fuck that 0 for 8 shit Have you ever seen the crowd goin&rsquo; apeshit?</em> <a href="https://www.songfacts.com/lyrics/the-carters/apes-t">Beyonce and Jay-Z</a><br />
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<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>I just want a Picasso, in my casa No, my castle I&rsquo;m a hassa, no I&rsquo;m a asshole I&rsquo;m never satisfied, can&rsquo;t knock my hustle I wanna Rothko, no I wanna brothel </em><em>No, I want a wife that fuck me like a prostitute Let&rsquo;s make love on a million, in a dirty hotel With the fan on the ceiling, all for the love of drug dealing </em><em>Marble Floors, gold Ceilings Oh what a feeling, fuck it I want a billion Jeff Koons balloons, I just wanna blow up Condos in my condos, I wanna row of </em><em>Christie&rsquo;s with my missy, live at the MoMA Bacons and turkey bacons, smell the aroma Oh what a feeling Picasso Baby, Ca Picasso baby Ca ca Picasso Baby, Ca ca Picasso baby Oh what a feeling Picasso Baby, Ca Picasso baby Ca ca Picasso Baby, Ca ca Picasso baby It ain&rsquo;t hard to tell I&rsquo;m the new Jean Michel Surrounded by Warhols My whole team ball Twin Bugattis outside the Art Basel I just wanna live life colossal Leonardo Da Vinci flows Riccardo Tisci Givenchy clothes See me throning at the Met Vogueing on these niggas Champagne on my breath, yes House like the Louvre or the Tate Modern Because I be going ape at the auction Oh what a feeling Aw fuck it I want a trillion Sleeping every night next to Mona Lisa The modern day version With better features Yellow Basquiat in my kitchen corner Go ahead lean on that shit Blue You own it I never stuck my cock in the fox&rsquo;s box but I&rsquo;m still the man to watch, Hublot On my left hand or not I&rsquo;m like god damn enough I put down the cans and they ran amok Niggas even talk about your baby crazy Eventually the pendulum swings Don&rsquo;t forget America this how you made me Come through with the &lsquo;Ye mask on Spray everything like SAMO I won&rsquo;t scratch the Lambo What&rsquo;s it gon take For me to go For you to see I&rsquo;m the modern day Pablo Picasso baby &#8230;</em> <a href="https://www.universal-music.de/jay-z/videos/picasso-baby-a-performance-art-film-326307">Jay-Z</a></h5>
<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>Une piaule à cent millions, une montre à trois millions, ce sont les faits Pas de limite, faux, négro, t’est pas un patron, t’as un patron Des négros maltraités, toute cette merde me blesse, je le prends personnellement, les Négros préfèrent travailler pour le blanc que pour moi, travaillez plutôt pour moi Au moins vous ne prétendrez pas être au même niveau que moi, toute cette merde m’irrite  La fierté précède toujours la chute, c’est presque sûr Mes revenus sont bouleversants (bouleversants !) Les enquêtes disent que tu en es loin (vraiment loin) Chacun joue au boss, jusqu’au moment où il faut payer pour l’entreprise  Envoie les factures par-ci, sépare les hommes des garçons par-là<br />
Nous mesurons le succès au nombre de personnes accomplies que tu côtoies&#8230; </em><a href="https://paroles2chansons.lemonde.fr/paroles-the-carters/paroles-boss.html">Jay-Z</a><em><br />
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<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>C&rsquo;est pas compliqué, j’suis le boss, donc j’ai acheté un bolide à ma maman Mes arrière-arrière-petits-enfants sont déjà riches Et ça fait beaucoup de petits noirs sur ta liste du Forbes&#8230;</em> <a href="https://paroles2chansons.lemonde.fr/paroles-the-carters/paroles-boss.html">Beyonce</a><em><br />
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<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>La blaxploitation — ou blacksploitation — est un courant culturel et social propre au cinéma américain des années 1970 qui a revalorisé l&rsquo;image des Afro-Américains en les présentant dans des rôles dignes et de premier plan et non plus seulement dans des rôles secondaires et de faire-valoir. Le mot est la contraction, sous forme de mot-valise, des mots « black » » (qui signifie noir) et « exploitation ». (&#8230;) Dans les productions blaxploitation, les films n&rsquo;engageaient que des noirs et ne s&rsquo;adressaient qu&rsquo;à la même communauté sur des thèmes de prédilection en utilisant tous les stéréotypes possibles. Que ce soient les films policiers (trilogie des Shaft) ou les enquêtes par des détectives privés (Shaft, les nuits rouges de Harlem), le cinéma d&rsquo;horreur (Blacula, le vampire noir, Abby), les arts martiaux (Black Belt Jones de Robert Clouse), le péplum (The Arena (en) de Steve Carver), le western (Boss Nigger), l&rsquo;espionnage (Cleopatra Jones de Jack Starrett), le film politique engagé (The Spook Who Sat by the Door d&rsquo;Ivan Dixon), le comique (Uptown Saturday Night). (&#8230;) Ces films sont populaires dans la communauté noire car ils montrent des acteurs afro-américains dans des situations d&rsquo;hommes fiers et libres de leurs choix de vie. Ces personnages noirs résistent aux blancs et leur répondent. Le personnage noir est souvent associé au bien, et le blanc au mal.  Les films de la blaxploitation reflètent les aspirations des noirs aux droits civiques, leurs difficultés quotidiennes, mais aussi la prostitution, la drogue, la corruption, le racisme de la part des policiers, les viols&#8230; Une grande majorité des films de blaxploitation sont de qualité plutôt médiocres, souvent violents et remplis de clichés et préjugés. Ils parlent de prostitution, de drogue, et de meurtre, des stéréotypes repris depuis dans le gangsta rap. On y portrait également les macs flamboyants aussi appelés pimps.</em> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaxploitation">Wikipedia</a></h5>
<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>I’d sit there in these art history survey classes and think, ‘but where are all the black people?’ I remember the first time I saw an image of Olympia flash on the screen as a graduate student. My heart was pounding and I wondered what would be said about the black servant &#8230; and was really concerned that nothing at all was mentioned. As I did that, I understood that she was not just the subject of Manet’s work, but of works by many successive generations of artists. As I looked more deeply into the archival and anecdotal material about her, I became aware of how extensive her legacy was with a pattern of images that exist across the last 160 or so years. This show is so relevant now. By rendering Laure visible and giving her a voice, it opens pathways for other women of color. </em><a href="https://news.columbia.edu/posingmodernity?fbclid=IwAR2rHyzhvgS5hd10xZSz7XQiTypy_2ggmPV2p0nl0sR0mdf0qduSHOd5N8k">Denise Murrell</a></h5>
<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>The lyrics of Picasso Baby are a roll-call of artists, including Mark Rothko, Jean-Michel Basquiat, Jeff Koons and Francis Bacon. Art venues aren’t left out either: Christie’s, MoMA and Tate Modern are all referenced. Jay-Z grew up in one of the art capitals of the world, New York, but if the narratives of his early work are anything to go by, he wouldn’t have spent his weekends wandering around MoMA or the Met. The references to the art world in Picasso Baby show the evolution of Shawn Carter from Queens to Jay-Z, the global musician, businessman, and Mr Beyoncé: someone who can not only spend time wandering around MoMA, if he so chooses, but can go to Christie’s and buy the art on sale. The video for the song was entitled Picasso Baby: A Performance Art Film and was created at the Pace Gallery in New York. Inspired by (and featuring) Marina Abramović, Jay-Z invited members of the public up to perform with him over a period of six hours. ‘It ain’t hard to tell, I’m the new Jean-Michel Surrounded by Warhols, my whole team ball Twin Bugattis outside the Art Basel I just wanna live life colossal Leonardo da Vinci flows’. When performed live you&rsquo;re able to witness the rare treat of hip-hop fans repeatedly yelling the chorus &lsquo;Picasso Baby!&rsquo;. </em><a href="https://artuk.org/discover/stories/jay-z-warhol-and-queen-when-music-meets-art">Artuk</a></h5>
<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>“Have you ever seen the crowd goin&rsquo; apeshit? – Why museums need to encourage dialogue in gallery spaces and not just at lates because silence is more [intimidating] than the audience going ‘apeshit’ over an exhibition that touches their soul. </em>Black Blossoms<em><br />
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<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>Beyonce is helping museums increase their Black Audiences&#8230; any smart person in museum marketing team would see the opp and act quickly and correctly&#8230; <s>#</s><b>APESHIT. </b></em><a href="https://twitter.com/blackblossomss/status/1008287097848025088/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1008287097848025088&amp;ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-pool.com%2Fembed%3Fdoc%3D23605%26el%3Dembedarticle-body4"><b>Blossoms</b></a><em><b><br />
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<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>Brillante élève de David, l’artiste s’affirme ici avec audace : peindre la carnation noire était un exercice rare et peu enseigné car jugé ingrat. Le regard grave, la pose calme et le sein dénudé donnent au modèle anonyme la noblesse d’une allégorie, peut-être celle de l’esclavage récemment aboli. </em><a href="http://cartelfr.louvre.fr/cartelfr/visite?srv=car_not_frame&amp;idNotice=18871"><span class="texte_cartel">Le Louvre</span></a><em><span class="texte_cartel"><br />
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<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>Née à Paris le 18 décembre 1768, Marie Guillemine Leroulx-Delaville est la fille d&rsquo;un fonctionnaire royal. Elle étudie d&rsquo;abord avec Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun vers 1781-1782 et, plus tard, vers 1786, avec Jacques-Louis David. Elle présente des portraits et des peintures de genre à l&rsquo;Exposition de la Jeunesse, où elle débute en 1784, mais on trouve aussi des tableaux d&rsquo;histoire parmi les oeuvres qu&rsquo;elle expose aux Salons parisiens, de 1791 à 1812. (&#8230;) Connue pour ses portraits, Benoist avait de plus hautes aspirations, manifestes dans un autoportrait de ses débuts, où l&rsquo;artiste, vêtue à l&rsquo;antique, peint une copie du Bélisaire de David. A la fois portrait et peinture d&rsquo;histoire, cette oeuvre mêle le style de ses deux maîtres: ombres et lumières douces, couleurs pâles avec des draperies aux plis lourds qui mettent en valeur le corps sous-jacent. Son oeuvre la plus célèbre est le Portrait d&rsquo;une négresse (Salon de 1800). Inspiré par les oeuvres de David, ce tableau est une étude du clair et du foncé: une femme noire -probablement rencontrée dans la maison de son beau-frère, officier de marine qui s&rsquo;était marié à la Guadeloupe- portant un vêtement et un turban blanc, et placée sur un fond clair. (&#8230;) À son meilleur, l&rsquo;oeuvre de Benoist se caractérise par des poses élégantes, des gestes gracieux, des contours fluides mais fermes, des draperies disposées avec élégance et une utilisation harmonique des couleurs. Ses talents de portraitiste sont fréquemment relevés par les critiques et son Portrait d&rsquo;une négresse est devenu l&rsquo;icône de la femme noire du XIXe siècle. Grâce aux récentes recherches d&rsquo;Oppenheimer, le talent de Benoist commence à être mieux reconnu. </em><a href="http://siefar.org/dictionnaire/en/Marie-Guillemine_Le_Roux_de_La_Ville">Vivian P. Cameron</a></h5>
<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>Œuvre majeure dans la peinture française du XIXe siècle, Le Radeau de la Méduse fait figure de manifeste du Romantisme. Il représente un fait divers qui intéressa beaucoup Géricault pour ses aspects humains et politiques, le naufrage d’une frégate en 1816 près des côtes du Sénégal, avec à son bord plus de 150 soldats. Le peintre se documenta précisément puis réalisa de nombreuses esquisses avant de camper sa composition définitive qui illustre l’espoir d’un sauvetage. Géricault s’inspira du récit de deux rescapés de La Méduse, frégate de la marine royale partie en 1816 pour coloniser le Sénégal. Son commandement fut confié à un officier d’Ancien Régime qui n’avait pas navigué depuis plus de vingt ans, et qui ne parvint pas à éviter son échouage sur un banc de sable. Ceux qui ne purent prendre place sur les chaloupes en nombre insuffisant durent construire un radeau pour 150 hommes, emportés vers une odyssée sanglante qui dura 13 jours et n’épargna que 10 vies. A la détresse du naufrage s’ajoutèrent les règlements de comptes et l’abomination du cannibalisme. Géricault représente le faux espoir qui précéda le sauvetage des naufragés : le bateau parti à leur secours apparaît à l’horizon mais s’éloigne sans les voir. La composition est tendue vers cette espérance, dans un mouvement ascendant vers la droite qui culmine avec l’homme noir, figure de proue de l’embarcation. Géricault donne une vision synthétique de l’existence humaine abandonnée à elle même. (&#8230;) Le Radeau de Géricault est la vedette du Salon de 1819 : « Il frappe et attire tous les regards », (Le Journal de Paris) et divise les critiques. L’horreur, la terribilità du sujet, fascinent. Les chantres du classicisme disent leur dégoût pour cet « amas de cadavres », dont le réalisme leur paraît si éloigné du beau idéal, incarné par la Galatée de Girodet qui fait un triomphe la même année. En effet, Géricault exprime un paradoxe : comment faire un tableau fort d’un motif hideux, comment concilier l’art et le réel ? Coupin tranche « M. Géricault semble s’être trompé. Le but de la peinture est de parler à l’âme et aux yeux, et non pas de repousser. ». Le tableau a aussi ses zélateurs, comme Jal qui exalte en lui le sujet politique, le manifeste libéral (la promotion du « nègre », la critique de l’ultra-royalisme), et le tableau moderne, œuvre d’actualité. Pour Michelet, « c’est notre société toute entière qui embarqua sur ce radeau de la Méduse (…) ».</em> <a href="https://www.louvre.fr/oeuvre-notices/le-radeau-de-la-meduse">Le Louvre</a></h5>
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<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>Le 2 juillet 1816, la frégate La Méduse s&rsquo;échoue sur un banc de sable au large des côtes sénégalaises à la suite d&rsquo;une erreur de navigation. Elle a près de 400 personnes à son bord – l&rsquo;équipage, des fonctionnaires et deux compagnies de soldats. La Méduse fait partie d&rsquo;une flottille envoyée de France au Sénégal pour y affirmer l&rsquo;autorité du roi Louis XVIII. Les soldats sont des anciens des troupes napoléoniennes dont la monarchie cherche à se débarrasser par ce moyen. Le coupable du naufrage est le capitaine Hugues Duroy de Chaumareys, qui n&rsquo;a obtenu ce commandement que parce qu&rsquo;il est un émigré royaliste. Quand il monte à bord de La Méduse, il n&rsquo;a plus navigué depuis vingt-cinq ans. Après avoir essayé de remettre à flot le navire, il est décidé de l&rsquo;abandonner et de construire un radeau, les canots étant trop peu nombreux pour la foule des passagers. Le 5 juillet, les chaloupes, où sont les officiers et les fonctionnaires, et le radeau prennent la mer, les chaloupes étant censées remorquer le radeau. Très vite, Chaumareys ordonne de couper les cordes, abandonnant les 147 personnes entassées dessus. Pour cela et l&rsquo;ensemble de ses fautes, il sera jugé en cour martiale en 1817, condamné à la prison et déchu de son grade et de ses décorations. Du 6 au 17 juillet, le radeau dérive. Quand L&rsquo;Argus, autre navire de la flottille, le retrouve, il reste quinze survivants, dont cinq meurent dans les jours qui suivent. Entre-temps, les chaloupes ont atteint Saint-Louis du Sénégal sans peine. Sur le naufrage et sur ce qui s&rsquo;est passé sur le radeau, deux rescapés, l&rsquo;ingénieur-géographe Corréard et le chirurgien Savigny, publient, dès novembre 1817, un récit, réédité en 1818. On y apprend non seulement l&rsquo;incompétence et la lâcheté de Chaumareys, mais aussi les combats sur le radeau entre hommes ivres et terrorisés. Le 9 juillet, il ne reste déjà plus qu&rsquo;une trentaine de survivants. Le 13, ils jettent à la mer les malades et les blessés, dont la cantinière, une femme noire. Dès le 7 juillet, il a fallu recourir au cannibalisme pour se nourrir. On peut imaginer l&rsquo;effet de ce livre, les implications politiques, l&rsquo;émoi de l&rsquo;opinion publique. Des gravures du drame circulent vite, et le Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin en fait un mélodrame, joué en avril 1819. Le 25 août 1819, s&rsquo;ouvre le Salon. Une toile, dont le titre a été censuré, suscite le scandale : Le Radeau de La Méduse, de Théodore Géricault, évidemment – &laquo;&nbsp;un jeune homme&nbsp;&raquo;, écrit la critique, car il a 28 ans. Depuis, elle est demeurée au premier plan de l&rsquo;histoire, au point même que l&rsquo;on oublie trop souvent que Géricault est l&rsquo;auteur d&rsquo;autres chefs-d&rsquo;oeuvre, un portraitiste et un dessinateur de premier ordre. (&#8230;) Sans hésiter longtemps, il choisit un moment décisif du récit de Corréard et Savigny, l&rsquo;approche de l&rsquo;Argus. Ce n&rsquo;est pas le plus tragique, puisqu&rsquo;il aurait pu peindre le carnage sur le radeau, les blessés jetés à la mer ou les scènes de cannibalisme. Il ne le fait pas parce que, dans ce cas, son oeuvre n&rsquo;aurait pas été exposée au Salon, pour des raisons de décence. Mais il introduit des détails explicites, armes abandonnées, corps mutilés, plaies mal pansées. En attirant l&rsquo;attention sur eux, l&rsquo;exposition incite à une compréhension plus complète de tout ce qui constitue l&rsquo;oeuvre, aussi bien du point de vue artistique que du point de vue politique et moral. Les dessins de musculatures d&rsquo;après modèle confirment ce qui est flagrant au Louvre : Géricault se mesure en toute simplicité à Michel-Ange et démontre, face à l&rsquo;hégémonie de David et du néoclassicisme, qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;est pas obligatoire d&rsquo;aller prendre dans l&rsquo;histoire grecque et romaine ou dans la Bible des sujets héroïques et tragiques. Le présent en propose qu&rsquo;il faut avoir l&rsquo;audace de saisir et de porter aux dimensions d&rsquo;une très grande toile. Delacroix et Manet s&rsquo;en sont souvenus – Delacroix qui, du reste, pose pour l&rsquo;un des naufragés. Autre remarque : Géricault place trois figures d&rsquo;hommes noirs sur le radeau – et la cantinière jetée à l&rsquo;eau -, alors qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;y en avait en réalité qu&rsquo;un seul. Cette décision est liée à la lutte contre la traite des Noirs, qui se pratique toujours alors en dépit de son interdiction supposée. La lecture politique en est précisée. On sait en effet que le Radeau est une œuvre hostile à la Restauration et aux émigrés, mais moins qu&rsquo;elle est aussi une dénonciation de l&rsquo;esclavage.</em> <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2012/07/16/gericault-reporter-du-naufrage-de-la-meduse_1734228_3246.html">Philippe Dagen</a></h5>
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<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>Géricault, revenant à Paris après un long voyage d&rsquo;étude en Italie, découvre par hasard la première édition du naufrage qui date du 22 novembre 1817, il s&rsquo;agit de la publication de deux survivants du naufrage, l&rsquo;aide-chirurgien Henri Savigny et le gadzarts, ingénieur-géographe Alexandre Corréard16. Les horreurs du naufrage sont aussi connues du public grâce à l&rsquo;indiscrétion du ministre de la police Élie Decazes qui relâche volontairement la censure en laissant le rapport de Savigny (destiné normalement uniquement aux autorités maritimes) parvenir à la presse, ce qui lui permet de torpiller le ministre ultra de la Marine François-Joseph de Gratet. Stupéfait de l&rsquo;ampleur médiatique que prend le naufrage, Géricault pense que la réalisation d&rsquo;une représentation picturale de l’événement pourrait contribuer à établir sa réputation. Après avoir pris la décision de réaliser le tableau, il entreprend des recherches approfondies avant de commencer la peinture. Au début de l&rsquo;année 1818, il rencontre Savigny et Alexandre Corréard ; le récit de leur ressenti lors de l&rsquo;expérience du naufrage influence grandement la tonalité du tableau final. (&#8230;) Lors de voyages effectués dans sa jeunesse, Géricault est déjà confronté à la vue de déments ou de pestiférés. Durant ses recherches préparatoires pour Le Radeau de La Méduse, son ambition de vérité historique et de réalisme vire à l&rsquo;obsession d&rsquo;observer le phénomène de rigidité cadavérique. Afin de réaliser la représentation la plus authentique possible des différents aspects de la chair des cadavres, il réalise plusieurs esquisses de dépouilles à la morgue de l&rsquo;hôpital Beaujon, étudie le visage de patients sur le point de mourir, et emporte même dans son atelier quelques membres humains pour observer leur décomposition. Géricault dessine également une tête coupée empruntée à un asile et qu&rsquo;il conserve dans le grenier de son atelier. Avec trois survivants, dont Savigny et Corréard, ainsi qu&rsquo;avec le charpentier Lavillette, il construit un modèle réduit extrêmement détaillé du radeau, lequel est reproduit avec la plus grande fidélité sur la toile finale – même les espaces entre les planches sont représentés. Géricault fait également poser des modèles, réalise un dossier comportant de la documentation sur l’événement, copie des tableaux d&rsquo;autres artistes s&rsquo;approchant du même thème, et se rend au Havre pour y observer la mer et le ciel. Bien que fiévreux, il se rend très fréquemment sur la côte afin de voir des tempêtes balayer le littoral. En outre, son voyage en Angleterre, durant lequel il rencontre d&rsquo;autres artistes, est l&rsquo;occasion pour lui d&rsquo;étudier divers éléments du paysage marin lors de la traversée de la Manche. Il dessine et peint plusieurs esquisses alors qu&rsquo;il choisit quel moment il souhaite représenter dans le tableau final. La conception de l’œuvre est lente et difficile, car Géricault hésite même à choisir un moment emblématique du naufrage, qui rendrait au mieux l&rsquo;intensité dramatique de l&rsquo;événement. Parmi les scènes qu&rsquo;il pense choisir se trouvent notamment la mutinerie contre les officiers, survenue le deuxième jour passé sur le radeau ; les actes de cannibalisme, qui ne surviennent qu&rsquo;après quelques jours ; et le sauvetage. Géricault opte finalement pour l&rsquo;instant, raconté par l&rsquo;un des survivants, où les naufragés voient L&rsquo;Argus approcher à l&rsquo;horizon et tentent une première fois en vain de lui adresser un appel au secours. Le bateau est représenté par une petite forme de couleur grise au centre-droit du tableau. Comme l&rsquo;exprime un des survivants, « nous passâmes de l&rsquo;euphorie à une grande déception, à de profonds tourments ». Dans la mesure où le public est alors bien informé des causes du désastre, le choix de la scène relève d&rsquo;une volonté de figurer les conséquences de l&rsquo;abandon de l&rsquo;équipage sur le radeau, en se focalisant sur l&rsquo;instant où tout espoir semblait perdu – l&rsquo;Argus paraît à nouveau deux heures après et secourt les survivants. Un critique remarque cependant que le tableau comporte plus de personnages qu&rsquo;il ne devait y en avoir à bord du radeau au moment du sauvetage. De plus, l&rsquo;auteur note que le sauvetage se déroule un matin ensoleillé, avec une mer calme : Géricault choisit cependant de peindre le radeau en pleine tempête, avec un ciel noir et une mer démontée, sans doute pour renforcer le caractère dramatique de la scène. (&#8230;) Géricault réalise une esquisse de la composition finale sur la toile. Il fait alors poser chaque modèle séparément, et peint les personnages à la suite les uns des autres, à l&rsquo;inverse de la méthode traditionnelle suivant laquelle le peintre travaille d&#8217;emblée sur la composition entière. Son attention particulière portée à des éléments ainsi individualisés donne à l’œuvre « une matérialité troublante » et témoigne d&rsquo;une recherche de théâtralité – ce que certains critiques de l&rsquo;époque considèrent comme un défaut. (&#8230;) Le Radeau de La Méduse dépeint le moment où, après treize jours passés à dériver sur le radeau, les quinze survivants voient un bateau approcher au loin, alors même que l&rsquo;état de l’embarcation de fortune est proche de la ruine. La monumentalité du format (491 cm × 716 cm) fait que les personnages en arrière-plan sont à échelle humaine, et que ceux au premier plan sont même deux fois plus grands qu&rsquo;un homme : proches du plan de l’œuvre, entassés, les personnages créent un effet d&rsquo;immersion du spectateur dans l&rsquo;action du tableau. Le radeau de fortune semble sur le point de sombrer, voguant dans une mer déchaînée, tandis que les naufragés sont représentés totalement anéantis et désemparés. Un vieil homme tient la dépouille de son fils sur ses jambes ; un autre pleure de rage, abattu ; un cadavre sans jambes à gauche évoque les pratiques anthropophages qui ont eu lieu sur le radeau réel tandis que des taches éparses de rouge sang rappellent les affrontements. Plusieurs corps jonchent le radeau, au premier plan, sur le point de tomber à l&rsquo;eau en raison des vagues. Les hommes au milieu de l&#8217;embarcation viennent d&rsquo;apercevoir un bateau au loin ; l&rsquo;un d&rsquo;entre eux le montre du doigt, tandis qu&rsquo;un membre africain de l&rsquo;équipage, Jean-Charles, se tient debout sur une barrique vide et agite sa chemise en l&rsquo;air afin d&rsquo;attirer l&rsquo;attention du navire. La composition picturale est essentiellement basée sur trois structures pyramidales. La première est formée par le mât et les cordes qui le tiennent. Elle englobe la seconde à la gauche du tableau, formée par des hommes morts ou désespérés. La troisième met en scène, à sa base, des cadavres et des mourants, desquels émergent les survivants ; à son sommet culmine l&rsquo;espoir de sauvetage, avec la figure centrale d&rsquo;un homme noir agitant sa chemise. Certains y ont vu une critique de l&rsquo;Empire Colonial Français conservateur et esclavagiste. Géricault peint comme héros central un homme Noir. Son modèle sera Joseph, un Haïtien qui a posé pour lui et d&rsquo;autres artistes. Il s&rsquo;agit du premier héros de la peinture occidentale sans nom et vu de dos. Le tableau serait une œuvre hostile à la Restauration et aux émigrés, mais aussi une dénonciation de l&rsquo;esclavage. C&rsquo;est pourquoi Géricault y peint trois figures d&rsquo;hommes noirs, alors qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;y en aurait eu qu&rsquo;un seul parmi les rescapés en plus d&rsquo;une cantinière jetée à l&rsquo;eau le 13 juillet en compagnie d&rsquo;autres blessés. L&rsquo;artiste semble prendre position contre la traite négrière, qui se pratique toujours malgré son interdiction supposée</em>. <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Radeau_de_La_M%C3%A9duse">Wikipedia</a></h5>
<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>The video is stunning with its wide shots of halls of art with no tourists in them – only Jay-Z and Beyoncé standing looking serene, like works of arts themselves, in front of “The Mona Lisa.” And then the beat kicks in, with a shot of them on a staircase with nearly nude bodies strewn about the steps that contract and move to the rhythm. “I can’t believe we made it,” she sings, a little Autotune in her voice, over a hard-hitting beat. “This is why we thankful, hey, hell, see a crowd going apeshit.” The couple are shown in front of “The Winged Victory of Samothrace,” “The Coronation of Napoleon,” among many other famed pieces of priceless artworks and antiquities, while dancing and posing&#8230;</em> <a href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/beyonce-jay-z-drop-new-album-everything-is-love-during-otrii-tour-630422/">Rolling Stone</a></h5>
<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>From the off, shots of Beyoncé, Jay Z and the rest of the entirely black cast of dancers from the Ricky Saiz-directed video serve as responses to well-known pieces in the art canon. Almost obstructing the famous works behind them, kneeling, swaying and smiling in the process, black bodies directly challenge the limited portrayals of blackness that we’re used to seeing in museums and force us to take in an entirely new narrative, one that shies away from respectability and fosters an (often intensely capitalist) sense of the many virtues of blackness.In a clear challenge to celebrations of colonial rule and wealth, for example, we see a shot of a defiant Beyoncé dancing in formation against the backdrop of Jacques Louis David’s extravagant painting, The Coronation Of Napoleon. Here, Napoleon’s legacy and, by extension, David’s art is forced to take a backseat, making way instead for an indisputably black celebration of womanhood and Beyoncé’s own lavishness in the process. And with a nod to one of the most consistent themes of the album – black love – there are also shots of black couples embracing, as well as modern takes on Marie-Guillemine Benoist’s Portrait of a Negress, the only painting in the video that doesn’t depict a black subject as a slave. (&#8230;) Conversations about the lack of inclusion in art museums have long raged on, inspiring important, but typically short-lived, appeals to black people every once in a while. But rarely, as Black Blossoms said, do they extend beyond one-off lates and exhibitions. In a 2015/16 study of adults visiting museums in the UK, for example, black people were the least likely to have visited a museum in the past year, compared with white and Asian visitors. And, when collections do not focus solely on European art, curators of African art in larger institutions are typically white. (&#8230;) Just as Beyoncé and Jay Z have demonstrated, there is no reason why pop culture shouldn’t serve as a vehicle for bringing more black people into the fold when it comes to museums. By occupying what looks like the entirety of the Louvre, Beyoncé and Jay Z have made a clear a statement as any about the importance of taking up space in typically white institutions – institutions that, evidently, could learn a thing or two from them.</em> <a href="https://www.the-pool.com/arts-culture/music/2018/25/kuba-shand-baptiste-on-beyonce-jay-z-apeshit-video-and-museums">Kuba Shand-Baptiste </a><em><br />
</em></h5>
<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>The six-minute “Apeshit” video is a feast of juxtapositions. Directed by Ricky Saiz, it opens with the image of a black man, in fashionably torn jeans and worn sneakers, with giant white wings attached to his back. He crouches outside the museum, like an artwork that has been brought to life and set loose. He rubs his hands, bells gong, and then a wide shot captures the celestial activity on the ceilings of the Galerie d’Apollon, filtered through a multi-colored glow of music-video light. Saiz slowly pans to our power couple. Wearing complementary suits—Beyoncé’s pink, Jay’s seafoam green—they are flanking the “Mona Lisa” once again. In the past, the Carters have been accused of being art fetishists. On “Drunk in Love,” Jay-Z raps that their foreplay ruined one of his Warhols; Beyoncé shot the music video for “7/11” on an iPhone in the Tribeca apartment that they once owned, where works by Richard Prince and David Hammons were unceremoniously on view. “Apeshit” is a gospel of acquisition, recalling in spirit the luxury-brand name-checking of the couple’s duet “Upgrade U,” from 2006. Twelve years ago, it was all about the Audemars Piguet watch; now it’s G8 jets and diamonds as translucent as glass. But the video is a display of something that can’t be so easily quantified: influence. Beyoncé and Jay-Z seem to suggest that their own footprint will be as indelible as that of the entire canon of Western art. (“My great-great-grandchildren already rich / That’s a lot of brown on your Forbes list,” Beyoncé raps, haughtily.) Saiz often captures the couple standing or sitting still, holding court with the same air of permanence as the art-historical treasures around them. In one exception, Beyoncé and her dancers, with a synchronicity that immediately recalls the choreography of “Formation,” body-roll in front of “The Coronation of Napoleon.” A crew of black women gyrating in front of a massive colonial scene is the sort of heavy-handed image that the Internet salivates over. Already, overheated readings of the “Apeshit” video have attempted to glom onto one of two opposing ideologies: either Beyoncé and Jay-Z are priests of capitalism who appreciate art only to the extent that it reflects their wealth, or they are radicals who have smuggled blackness into a space where it has traditionally been overlooked or exploited. Both interpretations seem to me too prescriptive, and belie the video’s actual verve. The Carters are omnivorous in their relationship to media, equally influenced by the Hellenistic era’s religious ecstasies as by Deana Lawson’s fantasies of black intimacy, by Pipilotti Rist’s warped ebullience as by the cultural legacy of Basquiat. Their engagement with the European canon housed in the Louvre, their physical proximity to it, shouldn’t be flattened into a shorthand for transgression. It is not presented that way. They are interested, instead, in playing with tableaux. Beyoncé does not blot out the Venus de Milo; she dances next to it. The Carters are not like the beleaguered black museum worker in Essex Hemphill’s poem “Visiting Hours,” “protecting European artwork / that robbed color and movement / from my life.” Jay-Z’s demand on his song “That’s My Bitch” to “Put some colored girls in the moma” is not only about correcting an erasure but about his own potential power to ordain a new status quo. It brings to mind the ambiguity in the project of Kehinde Wiley, whose years of situating everyday black men into settings of colonial wealth culminated in his portrait of the first black President. The Carters are their own protagonists in a grand narrative of establishing a black élite. But then there’s a tableau, reminiscent of a Deana Lawson composition, that briefly takes us into the transportive place of subversion. In the “Everything Is Love” album art, cribbed from a moment in the “Apeshit” video, the “Mona Lisa” is shown blurred in the distance, while in the foreground a black woman uses an Afro pick to freshen a man’s hair. That image gave me a primal political thrill. Beyoncé and Jay-Z have enlisted surrogates, knowing that the effect wouldn’t have been the same if the man and woman in the scene were them. </em><a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/what-it-means-when-beyonce-and-jay-z-take-over-the-louvre">Doreen St. Félix</a></h5>
<h5 style="text-align:justify;"><em>The Carters’ latest offering is set in the Louvre &#8211; for one day the art gallery was occupied by people you usually never see in its paintings. (&#8230;) Beyoncé and her husband, Jay-Z, have arrived at the Louvre for a sightseeing day that coincides with the making of their Apeshit video. Referencing the Louvre’s world-renowned permanent collection, juxtaposed with contemporary dancers occupying this hallowed space, Apeshit makes some pithy, if scattershot, comments on racism, slavery and the dominance of western neoclassical aesthetic standards. (&#8230;) The video is topped and tailed by the Mona Lisa. Smirking, tight lipped, she side-eyes Jay-Z and Beyoncé, whose bright blaxploitation power suits outshine her matron’s weeds and announce that, just for one day, the Louvre is going to be occupied by people you usually never see in its paintings. You just know that Lisa’s going to call security. Dancers of all colours gyrate in front of the image of French pomp, Imperial arrogance and self-gratification: The Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon and the Coronation of Empress Joséphine. Of the painting, I’ve never seen so many white people in one place before and I’ve been to Bestival. That said, replacing painted, sprawled, objectified, naked, white, nameless, historical women with writhing, objectified, naked, nameless, 21st-century women of all colours (as they are 40 seconds later, when they’re lying like logs on the steps) doesn’t seem a great leap forward to me. One of the most potent moments is the image of the reclining Madame Recamier. Painted in the 1800s, it shows a rich wife in neo-classical garb reclining on a couch. Beyonce adds what is not in the picture but would have been: two black dancers posing as servants, in head-wraps, still and docile, at the woman’s feet; the silent, unremembered and invisible labour behind the woman’s wealth and finery. Indeed, Apeshit is partly a reminder of all the non-white faces that have been erased from history or dropped in tokenistically to add a bit of exotic colour. The aftermath of colonialism and slavery, and the ongoing scandal of the refugee crisis, is beautifully referenced in a shot of The Raft of the Medusa as Jay-Z sings: “Can’t believe we made it.” The Raft is an image of enslaved and subjugated people who have lost all hope but that of life; luckily for Beyoncé and Mister Beyoncé they are now “living lavish” on top of that. But how far have we come? Apeshit rounds off with the Portrait D’Une Négresse, whose sardonic look implies that plus ca change, plus c’est la meme chose. She and so many other women of colour have seen it all before, and the pace of change is painfully slow. Painted six years after the abolition of slavery, this woman is given a painting of her own – but remains nameless and inert, with one breast out for everyone to ogle.</em> <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/shortcuts/2018/jun/18/shortcuts-beyonce-jay-z-apeshit">The Guardian</a></h5>
<p><strong>Comme de véritables oeuvres d&rsquo;art eux-mêmes !</strong></p>
<p><span data-offset-key="fhbo-0-0">A l&rsquo;heure où fort de ses 10 millions de visiteurs par  an, le premier musée d&rsquo;art du monde &#8230;</span></p>
<p><span data-offset-key="fhbo-0-0">Se vante du super <a href="https://www.louvre.fr/en/routes/jay-z-and-beyonce-louvre">coup de pub</a> qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;est payé l&rsquo;an passé &#8230;</span></p>
<p><span data-offset-key="fhbo-0-0">En y laissant le couple le plus glamour de la planète rap y tourner l&rsquo;un de ses clips &#8230; </span></p>
<p>Pendant que du côté politique et les costards de mac en moins, <a href="http://understandingamericanpie.com/vs3.htm">la mousse pousse drue</a> sur les <a href="https://nypost.com/2018/11/17/the-obamas-are-becoming-a-billion-dollar-brand/">ex-pierres qui roulent de Washington</a>  &#8230;</p>
<p>Comment à l&rsquo;image des foules en pâmoison auxquelles il y est fait question &#8230;</p>
<p>Ne pas s&rsquo;extasier à notre tour &#8230;</p>
<p>Au-delà du sentiment certes compréhensible d&rsquo;une population jusque là étrangement absente des couloirs du premier musée du monde &#8230;</p>
<p>Sinon mis à part la <a href="http://siefar.org/dictionnaire/en/Marie-Guillemine_Le_Roux_de_La_Ville">domestique</a> ramenée de Guadeloupe au lendemain de la première abolition de l&rsquo;esclavage par le beau-frère d&rsquo;une ancienne élève de Vigé-Lebrun et David &#8230;</p>
<p>Ou la <a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2012/07/16/gericault-reporter-du-naufrage-de-la-meduse_1734228_3246.html">figure de proue</a> alors proprement révolutionnaire du fameux <a href="https://www.louvre.fr/oeuvre-notices/le-radeau-de-la-meduse">Radeau</a> suite au naufrage d&rsquo;un navire parti rétablir la domination coloniale française en Afrique de l&rsquo;Ouest &#8230;</p>
<p>A travers les rôles de serviteurs et d&rsquo;esclaves que leur avaient imposés leurs revendeurs premièrement africains et arabes &#8230;</p>
<p>Devant ce cri du coeur de si américains nouveaux riches &#8230;</p>
<p>S&rsquo;efforçant entre compte en banque, voitures de luxe, privilèges de jet setters, dévotion des fans qui leur ont permis d&rsquo;en arriver là &#8230;</p>
<p>Et leurs costumes de macs et de bimbos comme leurs profondes paroles de bites et de putes &#8230;</p>
<p>De refaire ce que la <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blaxploitation#Description">blaxploitation</a> avait fait pour le monde du cinéma des années 70 &#8230;</p>
<p>A savoir relire et réécrire <a href="https://wallach.columbia.edu/exhibitions/posing-modernity-black-model-manet-and-matisse-today">du seul point de vue noir</a> rien de moins que l&rsquo;ensemble de <a href="https://m.musee-orsay.fr/fr/expositions/article/le-modele-noir-47692.html">l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;art occidental</a> ?</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><a href="https://www.rtbf.be/tarmac/article/detail_apes-t-grace-a-beyonce-et-jay-z-le-louvre-a-battu-son-record-de-frequentation?id=10110310"><strong>Grâce à Beyoncé et Jay-Z, le Louvre a battu son record de fréquentation</strong></a><br />
RTBF<br />
3 janvier 2019</p>
<p>&laquo;&nbsp;Pour la première fois de son histoire, et je pense pour la première fois dans l&rsquo;histoire des musées, plus de dix millions de visiteurs ont fréquenté le Louvre en 2018 &laquo;&nbsp;, a affirmé ce jeudi 3 janvier à l&rsquo;AFP Jean-Luc Martinez, président-directeur du Louvre.</p>
<p>Outre les travaux d’aménagement qui ont permis d’augmenter la capacité de l’accueil du musée, Le clip, Apes**t de Beyoncé et Jay-Z aurait également contribué au succès du Louvre.<em>&laquo;&nbsp;Le clip de Beyoncé comme l&rsquo;ouverture du musée du Louvre à Abu Dhabi a fait qu&rsquo;on a beaucoup parlé du Louvre partout dans le monde&nbsp;&raquo;</em>, explique Jean-Luc Martinez au micro de Franceinfo. Résultat, ce sont plus de 10,2 millions de visiteurs qui se sont précipités cette année au musée. Le précédent record s&rsquo;élevait à 9,7 millions de visiteurs en 2012.</p>
<p>Afin d’attirer un plus jeune public, le musée a également profité du succès d’Apes**t pour carrément  proposer une visite guidée thématique calquée sur le parcours de Jay-Z et Bey. De plus, le Louvre aimerait inviter ceux qui disposent d’un budget limité pour la culture en lançant une nocturne gratuite chaque premier samedi du mois. Un accompagnement sera même prévu dans certaines salles pour les plus frileux d&rsquo;entre nous. &laquo;&nbsp;<em>Il y a des gens qui ont peur de ne pas comprendre le musée; cette nocturne veut répondre à ce besoin (&#8230;) avec des explications, des commentaires, des spectacles, des concerts&nbsp;&raquo;</em>, souligne Jean-Luc Martinez. La première nocturne aura lieu le 5 janvier. Toutes les infos sont disponibles <a href="https://www.louvre.fr/horaires-tarifs-acces">ici.</a></p>
<p><strong>Voir aussi:</strong></p>
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<p class="content__headline "><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/shortcuts/2018/jun/18/shortcuts-beyonce-jay-z-apeshit"><strong>A guide to Beyoncé and Jay-Z’s new video: from the Mona Lisa to &lsquo;living lavish&rsquo;</strong></a></p>
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<p>The Carters’ latest offering is set in the Louvre &#8211; for one day the art gallery was occupied by people you usually never see in its paintings. Here are some key moments to watch out for</p>
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<p class="content__dateline" aria-hidden="true"><time class="content__dateline-wpd js-wpd content__dateline-wpd--modified" datetime="2018-06-18T17:46:37+0100"> The Guardian</time></p>
<p class="content__dateline" aria-hidden="true"><time class="content__dateline-wpd js-wpd content__dateline-wpd--modified" datetime="2018-06-18T17:46:37+0100">18 Jun 2018</time></p>
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<p><span class="drop-cap"><span class="drop-cap__inner">B</span></span>eyoncé and her husband, <a class="u-underline" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/jayz" data-link-name="auto-linked-tag" data-component="auto-linked-tag">Jay-Z</a>, have arrived at the Louvre for a sightseeing day that coincides with the making of their Apeshit video. Referencing the Louvre’s world-renowned permanent collection, juxtaposed with contemporary dancers occupying this hallowed space, Apeshit makes some pithy, if scattershot, comments on racism, slavery and the dominance of western neoclassical aesthetic standards. Here are a few key moments to look out for:</p>
<p><strong>Mona Lisa</strong></p>
<figure id="img-1" class="element element-image img--landscape fig--narrow-caption fig--has-shares fig--no-caption" data-component="image" data-media-id="d7fe9680e6b0c1d02e4f7e2568e2d93bc9c3a2a1">
<div class="u-responsive-ratio"><img class="gu-image" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/d7fe9680e6b0c1d02e4f7e2568e2d93bc9c3a2a1/174_0_2210_1326/master/2210.png?width=300&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=bada77104375ff3b09bbd6b26587dd69" alt="The Carters – Apeshit" width="450" height="270" /></div>
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<p>The video is topped and tailed by the Mona Lisa. Smirking, tight lipped, she side-eyes Jay-Z and <a class="u-underline" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/beyonce" data-link-name="auto-linked-tag" data-component="auto-linked-tag">Beyoncé</a>, whose bright blaxploitation power suits outshine her matron’s weeds and announce that, just for one day, the Louvre is going to be occupied by people you usually never see in its paintings. You just know that Lisa’s going to call security.</p>
<p><strong>The Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon and the Coronation of Empress Joséphine</strong></p>
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<div class="u-responsive-ratio"><img class="gu-image" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/6875fbb196c96612322335c82680002dd44c05a6/97_0_2213_1328/master/2213.png?width=300&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=d12ea172e120334cd35d37e9b8ccf188" alt="The Carters – Apeshit" width="448" height="269" /></div>
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<p>Dancers of all colours gyrate in front of the image of French pomp, Imperial arrogance and self-gratification: The Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon and the Coronation of Empress Joséphine. Of the painting, I’ve never seen so many white people in one place before and I’ve been to Bestival. That said, replacing painted, sprawled, objectified, naked, white, nameless, historical women with writhing, objectified, naked, nameless, 21st-century women of all colours (as they are 40 seconds later, when they’re lying like logs on the steps) doesn’t seem a great leap forward to me.</p>
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<div class="u-responsive-ratio"><img class="gu-image" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/71e509d93d6c8a519039ee2628c0ec1aba385fd4/334_0_2035_1221/master/2035.png?width=300&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=53cd41e6eb2d3a005ed21572818bab27" alt="The Carters – Apeshit" width="450" height="270" /></div>
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<p><strong>Portrait of Madame Récamier</strong></p>
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<div class="u-responsive-ratio"><img class="gu-image" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a08c4ef31279274e165995eb0ab8ea38460929cf/233_92_1986_1192/master/1986.png?width=300&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=3f28bc1af243714b43798f673a6609f0" alt="The Carters – Apeshit" width="450" height="270" /></div>
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<p>One of the most potent moments is the image of the reclining Madame Recamier. Painted in the 1800s, it shows a rich wife in neo-classical garb reclining on a couch. Beyonce adds what is not in the picture but would have been: two black dancers posing as servants, in head-wraps, still and docile, at the woman’s feet; the silent, unremembered and invisible labour behind the woman’s wealth and finery. Indeed, Apeshit is partly a reminder of all the non-white faces that have been erased from history or dropped in tokenistically to add a bit of exotic colour.</p>
<p><strong>The Raft of the Medusa</strong></p>
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<div class="u-responsive-ratio"><img class="gu-image" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/a80a43961c88ea10865d289605d64535d1f2b1ba/0_0_5669_3870/master/5669.jpg?width=300&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=ee4fc1610939fc3b04ba650d22418855" alt="The Raft of the Medusa (Le Radeau de la M duse), 1818-1819. Found in the collection of the Louvre, Paris.The Raft of the Medusa (Le Radeau de la M duse), 1818-1819. Artist: G ricault, Th odore (1791-1824) (Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images) survival|G ricault|Th odore M duse|M duse" width="450" height="307" /></div>
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<p>The aftermath of colonialism and slavery, and the ongoing scandal of the refugee crisis, is beautifully referenced in a shot of The Raft of the Medusa as Jay-Z sings: “Can’t believe we made it.” The Raft is an image of enslaved and subjugated people who have lost all hope but that of life; luckily for Beyoncé and Mister Beyoncé they are now “living lavish” on top of that.</p>
<p><strong>Portrait D’Une Négresse</strong></p>
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<div class="u-responsive-ratio"><img class="gu-image" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/1d215ead9ac0f31013797b1f0c6565eece55ae1b/0_0_2215_1329/master/2215.png?width=300&amp;quality=85&amp;auto=format&amp;fit=max&amp;s=34223596e547b6aa9811f98933fbc00d" alt="The Carters – Apeshit" width="450" height="270" /></div>
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<p>But how far have we come? Apeshit rounds off with the Portrait D’Une Négresse, whose sardonic look implies that plus ca change, plus c’est la meme chose. She and so many other women of colour have seen it all before, and the pace of change is painfully slow. Painted six years after the abolition of slavery, this woman is given a painting of her own – but remains nameless and inert, with one breast out for everyone to ogle.</p>
<p><strong>Voir de même:</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/what-it-means-when-beyonce-and-jay-z-take-over-the-louvre"><strong>The Power and Paradox of Beyoncé and Jay-Z Taking Over the Louvre</strong></a></p>
<p>Doreen St. Félix</p>
<p>The NewYorker</p>
<p>June 19, 2018</p>
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<p>In 2014, Beyoncé, Jay-Z, and their first daughter, Blue Ivy, went to the Louvre. It was a private tour, conducted on a Tuesday, the day the museum is closed to the public. (“Louvre Us Alone!” TMZ’s headline read.) The couple, both art lovers, documented the visit with a series of touristy selfies—re-creating the poses of the Hellenic statues around them—and sweet, staged candids, one of which showed the two swinging their daughter at the base of the Daru staircase, which leads to the Winged Victory of Samothrace. The most widely shared photograph showed Jay-Z and Beyoncé flanking the “Mona Lisa,” approximating her elusive expression. It was a playful dispatch from a marriage; were it not for the lack of crowds, the Carters might have seemed like any other giddy American family.</p>
<p>They aren’t. The music video for “<a class="ArticleBody__link___1FS03" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kbMqWXnpXcA" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Apeshit</a>,” a song from “Everything Is Love,” their new joint album, finds Jay-Z and Beyoncé back in the Louvre, but much has changed since their visit in 2014. The album, which the couple surprise-released on Saturday, during their “On the Run II Tour,” completes a meditative trilogy about infidelity and forgiveness. The previous two installments, Beyoncé’s “<a class="ArticleBody__link___1FS03" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/05/30/beyonces-lemonade">Lemonade</a>” and Jay-Z’s “4:44,” were labors of gut-wrenching introspection, chronicling the crisis in the couple’s marriage after Jay-Z’s admissions of cheating. “Everything Is Love,” by contrast, is slick and effervescent, triumphant, a return to the outlaw motif that the couple embraced years before. The storm has been weathered, Beyoncé and Jay-Z want us to know, and it has made their unit stronger. To celebrate, and to make ostentatiously official their consolidation of power, they’ve returned to the Louvre, not as tourists but as bosses.</p>
<p>The six-minute “Apeshit” video is a feast of juxtapositions. Directed by Ricky Saiz, it opens with the image of a black man, in fashionably torn jeans and worn sneakers, with giant white wings attached to his back. He crouches outside the museum, like an artwork that has been brought to life and set loose. He rubs his hands, bells gong, and then a wide shot captures the celestial activity on the ceilings of the Galerie d’Apollon, filtered through a multi-colored glow of music-video light. Saiz slowly pans to our power couple. Wearing complementary suits—Beyoncé’s pink, Jay’s seafoam green—they are flanking the “Mona Lisa” once again.</p>
<p>In the past, the Carters have been accused of being art fetishists. On “Drunk in Love,” Jay-Z raps that their foreplay ruined one of his Warhols; Beyoncé shot the music video for “7/11” on an iPhone in the Tribeca apartment that they once owned, where works by Richard Prince and David Hammons were unceremoniously on view. “Apeshit” is a gospel of acquisition, recalling in spirit the luxury-brand name-checking of the couple’s duet “Upgrade U,” from 2006. Twelve years ago, it was all about the Audemars Piguet watch; now it’s G8 jets and diamonds as translucent as glass. But the video is a display of something that can’t be so easily quantified: influence. Beyoncé and Jay-Z seem to suggest that their own footprint will be as indelible as that of the entire canon of Western art. (“My great-great-grandchildren already rich / That’s a lot of brown on your <em class="">Forbes</em> list,” Beyoncé raps, haughtily.) Saiz often captures the couple standing or sitting still, holding court with the same air of permanence as the art-historical treasures around them.</p>
<p>In one exception, Beyoncé and her dancers, with a synchronicity that immediately recalls the choreography of “Formation,” body-roll in front of “The Coronation of Napoleon.” A crew of black women gyrating in front of a massive colonial scene is the sort of heavy-handed image that the Internet salivates over. Already, overheated readings of the “Apeshit” video have attempted to glom onto one of two opposing ideologies: either Beyoncé and Jay-Z are priests of capitalism who appreciate art only to the extent that it reflects their wealth, or they are radicals who have smuggled blackness into a space where it has traditionally been overlooked or exploited. Both interpretations seem to me too prescriptive, and belie the video’s actual verve.</p>
<p>The Carters are omnivorous in their relationship to media, equally influenced by the Hellenistic era’s religious ecstasies as by <a class="ArticleBody__link___1FS03" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/05/07/deana-lawsons-kingdom-of-restored-glory">Deana Lawson’s fantasies of black intimacy</a>, by Pipilotti Rist’s warped ebullience as by the cultural legacy of Basquiat. Their engagement with the European canon housed in the Louvre, their physical proximity to it, shouldn’t be flattened into a shorthand for transgression. It is not presented that way. They are interested, instead, in playing with tableaux. Beyoncé does not blot out the Venus de Milo; she dances next to it. The Carters are not like the beleaguered black museum worker in Essex Hemphill’s poem “Visiting Hours,” “protecting European artwork / that robbed color and movement / from my life.” Jay-Z’s demand on his song “That’s My Bitch” to “Put some colored girls in the moma” is not only about correcting an erasure but about his own potential power to ordain a new status quo. It brings to mind the ambiguity in the project of Kehinde Wiley, whose years of situating everyday black men into settings of colonial wealth culminated in his <a class="ArticleBody__link___1FS03" href="https://www.newyorker.com/culture/annals-of-appearances/the-shifting-perspective-in-kehinde-wileys-portrait-of-barack-obama">portrait of the first black President</a>. The Carters are their own protagonists in a grand narrative of establishing a black élite.</p>
<p>But then there’s a tableau, reminiscent of a Deana Lawson composition, that briefly takes us into the transportive place of subversion. In the “Everything Is Love” album art, cribbed from a moment in the “Apeshit” video, the “Mona Lisa” is shown blurred in the distance, while in the foreground a black woman uses an Afro pick to freshen a man’s hair. That image gave me a primal political thrill. Beyoncé and Jay-Z have enlisted surrogates, knowing that the effect wouldn’t have been the same if the man and woman in the scene were them.</p>
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<p>In 2014, Beyoncé, Jay-Z, and their first daughter, Blue Ivy, went to the Louvre. It was a private tour, conducted on a Tuesday, the day the museum is closed to the public. (“Louvre Us Alone!” TMZ’s headline read.) The couple, both art lovers, documented the visit with a series of touristy selfies—re-creating the poses of the Hellenic statues around them—and sweet, staged candids, one of which showed the two swinging their daughter at the base of the Daru staircase, which leads to the Winged Victory of Samothrace. The most widely shared photograph showed Jay-Z and Beyoncé flanking the “Mona Lisa,” approximating her elusive expression. It was a playful dispatch from a marriage; were it not for the lack of crowds, the Carters might have seemed like any other giddy American family.</p>
<p>They aren’t. The music video for “Apeshit,” a song from “Everything Is Love,” their new joint album, finds Jay-Z and Beyoncé back in the Louvre, but much has changed since their visit in 2014. The album, which the couple surprise-released on Saturday, during their “On the Run II Tour,” completes a meditative trilogy about infidelity and forgiveness. The previous two installments, Beyoncé’s “Lemonade” and Jay-Z’s “4:44,” were labors of gut-wrenching introspection, chronicling the crisis in the couple’s marriage after Jay-Z’s admissions of cheating. “Everything Is Love,” by contrast, is slick and effervescent, triumphant, a return to the outlaw motif that the couple embraced years before. The storm has been weathered, Beyoncé and Jay-Z want us to know, and it has made their unit stronger. To celebrate, and to make ostentatiously official their consolidation of power, they’ve returned to the Louvre, not as tourists but as bosses.</p>
<p>The six-minute “Apeshit” video is a feast of juxtapositions. Directed by Ricky Saiz, it opens with the image of a black man, in fashionably torn jeans and worn sneakers, with giant white wings attached to his back. He crouches outside the museum, like an artwork that has been brought to life and set loose. He rubs his hands, bells gong, and then a wide shot captures the celestial activity on the ceilings of the Galerie d’Apollon, filtered through a multi-colored glow of music-video light. Saiz slowly pans to our power couple. Wearing complementary suits—Beyoncé’s pink, Jay’s seafoam green—they are flanking the “Mona Lisa” once again.</p>
<p>In the past, the Carters have been accused of being art fetishists. On “Drunk in Love,” Jay-Z raps that their foreplay ruined one of his Warhols; Beyoncé shot the music video for “7/11” on an iPhone in the Tribeca apartment that they once owned, where works by Richard Prince and David Hammons were unceremoniously on view. “Apeshit” is a gospel of acquisition, recalling in spirit the luxury-brand name-checking of the couple’s duet “Upgrade U,” from 2006. Twelve years ago, it was all about the Audemars Piguet watch; now it’s G8 jets and diamonds as translucent as glass. But the video is a display of something that can’t be so easily quantified: influence. Beyoncé and Jay-Z seem to suggest that their own footprint will be as indelible as that of the entire canon of Western art. (“My great-great-grandchildren already rich / That’s a lot of brown on your Forbes list,” Beyoncé raps, haughtily.) Saiz often captures the couple standing or sitting still, holding court with the same air of permanence as the art-historical treasures around them.</p>
<p>In one exception, Beyoncé and her dancers, with a synchronicity that immediately recalls the choreography of “Formation,” body-roll in front of “The Coronation of Napoleon.” A crew of black women gyrating in front of a massive colonial scene is the sort of heavy-handed image that the Internet salivates over. Already, overheated readings of the “Apeshit” video have attempted to glom onto one of two opposing ideologies: either Beyoncé and Jay-Z are priests of capitalism who appreciate art only to the extent that it reflects their wealth, or they are radicals who have smuggled blackness into a space where it has traditionally been overlooked or exploited. Both interpretations seem to me too prescriptive, and belie the video’s actual verve.</p>
<p>The Carters are omnivorous in their relationship to media, equally influenced by the Hellenistic era’s religious ecstasies as by Deana Lawson’s fantasies of black intimacy, by Pipilotti Rist’s warped ebullience as by the cultural legacy of Basquiat. Their engagement with the European canon housed in the Louvre, their physical proximity to it, shouldn’t be flattened into a shorthand for transgression. It is not presented that way. They are interested, instead, in playing with tableaux. Beyoncé does not blot out the Venus de Milo; she dances next to it. The Carters are not like the beleaguered black museum worker in Essex Hemphill’s poem “Visiting Hours,” “protecting European artwork / that robbed color and movement / from my life.” Jay-Z’s demand on his song “That’s My Bitch” to “Put some colored girls in the moma” is not only about correcting an erasure but about his own potential power to ordain a new status quo. It brings to mind the ambiguity in the project of Kehinde Wiley, whose years of situating everyday black men into settings of colonial wealth culminated in his portrait of the first black President. The Carters are their own protagonists in a grand narrative of establishing a black élite.</p>
<p>But then there’s a tableau, reminiscent of a Deana Lawson composition, that briefly takes us into the transportive place of subversion. In the “Everything Is Love” album art, cribbed from a moment in the “Apeshit” video, the “Mona Lisa” is shown blurred in the distance, while in the foreground a black woman uses an Afro pick to freshen a man’s hair. That image gave me a primal political thrill. Beyoncé and Jay-Z have enlisted surrogates, knowing that the effect wouldn’t have been the same if the man and woman in the scene were them.</p>
<p><strong>Voir encore:</strong></p>
<p><a href="https://www.the-pool.com/arts-culture/music/2018/25/kuba-shand-baptiste-on-beyonce-jay-z-apeshit-video-and-museums"><strong>Apeshit has sparked an overdue conversation about blackness in art institutions</strong></a></p>
<p>Beyoncé and Jay Z’s first single from their new album has already been heralded as a potential marketing tool for largely white art museums</p>
<p>Kuba Shand-Baptiste</p>
<p>The Pool</p>
<p>18.06.18</p>
<p>There’s a lot that can be said about Everything Is Love, Beyoncé and Jay Z’s latest highly anticipated joint project and fans have wasted no time in sharing conspiracy theories and wild analyses about the power couple’s latest effort since it dropped on Saturday evening. But perhaps the most interesting observation to have emerged over the last few days came from <a href="https://twitter.com/blackblossomss">Black Blossoms</a>, a platform dedicated to amplifying black womanhood in the art world.</p>
<p>Offering their own astute observations on Apeshit, the first single from the album, Black Blossoms tweeted about the video’s capacity to dramatically shift museums’ marketing approach towards the black community.</p>
<p>In a tweet accompanied by a screenshot from the video, in which the couple sit stoically before Jacques Louis David’s The Intervention of the Sabine Women, Black Blossoms said:</p>
<p>“Beyoncé is helping museums increase their Black Audiences&#8230; any smart person in museum marketing team would see the opp and act quickly and correctly&#8230; #APESHIT”</p>
<p>Examine the video closely – which, in keeping with the couple’s iconic status, was filmed in the Louvre, an institution that boasts an overwhelmingly white art collection – and it’s easy to see their point. From the off, shots of Beyoncé, Jay Z and the rest of the entirely black cast of dancers from the Ricky Saiz-directed video serve as responses to well-known pieces in the art canon.</p>
<p>Almost obstructing the famous works behind them, kneeling, swaying and smiling in the process, black bodies directly challenge the limited portrayals of blackness that we’re used to seeing in museums and force us to take in an entirely new narrative, one that shies away from respectability and fosters an (often intensely capitalist) sense of the many virtues of blackness.</p>
<p>There is no reason why pop culture shouldn’t serve as a vehicle for bringing more black people into the fold when it comes to museums</p>
<p>In a clear challenge to celebrations of colonial rule and wealth, for example, we see a shot of a defiant Beyoncé dancing in formation against the backdrop of Jacques Louis David’s extravagant painting, The Coronation Of Napoleon. Here, Napoleon’s legacy and, by extension, David’s art is forced to take a backseat, making way instead for an indisputably black celebration of womanhood and Beyoncé’s own lavishness in the process. And with a nod to one of the most consistent themes of the album – black love – there are also shots of black couples embracing, as well as modern takes on Marie-Guillemine Benoist’s Portrait of a Negress, the only painting in the video that doesn’t depict a black subject as a slave.</p>
<p>With the usual meticulous precision that fans are used to seeing in projects from the duo, Beyoncé and Jay Z have, as Black Blossoms observed, carved their own artistic standards as black artists, rather than playing into definitions of success as outlined by the white status quo.</p>
<p>Conversations about the lack of inclusion in art museums have long raged on, inspiring important, but typically short-lived, appeals to black people every once in a while. But rarely, as Black Blossoms said, do they extend beyond one-off lates and exhibitions.</p>
<p>In a 2015/16 study of adults visiting museums in the UK, for example, black people were the <a href="https://www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/culture-and-community/culture-and-heritage/adults-visiting-museums-and-galleries/latest">least likely</a> to have visited a museum in the past year, compared with white and Asian visitors. And, when collections do not focus solely on European art, curators of African art in larger institutions are <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/03/brooklyn-museum-white-curators-african-art-open-letter">typically white</a>.</p>
<p>“Have you ever seen the crowd goin&rsquo; apeshit? – Why museums need to encourage dialogue in gallery spaces and not just at lates because silence is more [intimidating] than the audience going ‘apeshit’ over an exhibition that touches their soul,” Black Blossoms´ tweeted.</p>
<p>And they’re right. Just as Beyoncé and Jay Z have demonstrated, there is no reason why pop culture shouldn’t serve as a vehicle for bringing more black people into the fold when it comes to museums. By occupying what looks like the entirety of the Louvre, Beyoncé and Jay Z have made a clear a statement as any about the importance of taking up space in typically white institutions – institutions that, evidently, could learn a thing or two from them.</p>
<p><strong>Voir de plus:</strong></p>
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<p class="article__title"><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2012/07/16/gericault-reporter-du-naufrage-de-la-meduse_1734228_3246.html"><strong>Géricault, reporter du naufrage de &laquo;&nbsp;La Méduse&nbsp;&raquo;</strong></a></p>
<p class="article__desc">Une exposition fait le point sur la genèse d&rsquo;un des tableaux les plus politiques et polémiques du XIX<sup>e</sup> siècle.</p>
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<p class="meta meta__publisher meta--inline"><span class="meta__author"> Philippe Dagen</span></p>
<p class="meta meta__publisher meta--inline"><span class="meta__date">16 juillet 2012 </span></p>
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<section class="article__content">Le 2 juillet 1816, la frégate <em>La Méduse</em> s&rsquo;échoue sur un banc de sable au large des côtes sénégalaises à la suite d&rsquo;une erreur de navigation. Elle a près de 400 personnes à son bord – l&rsquo;équipage, des fonctionnaires et deux compagnies de soldats. <em>La Méduse</em> fait partie d&rsquo;une flottille envoyée de France au Sénégal pour y affirmer l&rsquo;autorité du roi Louis XVIII. Les soldats sont des anciens des troupes napoléoniennes dont la monarchie cherche à se débarrasser par ce moyen. Le coupable du naufrage est le capitaine Hugues Duroy de Chaumareys, qui n&rsquo;a obtenu ce commandement que parce qu&rsquo;il est un émigré royaliste. Quand il monte à bord de <em>La Méduse</em>, il n&rsquo;a plus navigué depuis vingt-cinq ans.Après avoir essayé de remettre à flot le navire, il est décidé de l&rsquo;abandonner et de construire un radeau, les canots étant trop peu nombreux pour la foule des passagers. Le 5 juillet, les chaloupes, où sont les officiers et les fonctionnaires, et le radeau prennent la mer, les chaloupes étant censées remorquer le radeau. Très vite, Chaumareys ordonne de couper les cordes, abandonnant les 147 personnes entassées dessus. Pour cela et l&rsquo;ensemble de ses fautes, il sera jugé en cour martiale en 1817, condamné à la prison et déchu de son grade et de ses décorations. Du 6 au 17 juillet, le radeau dérive. Quand <em>L&rsquo;Argus</em>, autre navire de la flottille, le retrouve, il reste quinze survivants, dont cinq meurent dans les jours qui suivent. Entre-temps, les chaloupes ont atteint Saint-Louis du Sénégal sans peine.<strong>CANNIBALISME</strong>Sur le naufrage et sur ce qui s&rsquo;est passé sur le radeau, deux rescapés, l&rsquo;ingénieur-géographe Corréard et le chirurgien Savigny, publient, dès novembre 1817, un récit, réédité en 1818. On y apprend non seulement l&rsquo;incompétence et la lâcheté de Chaumareys, mais aussi les combats sur le radeau entre hommes ivres et terrorisés. Le 9 juillet, il ne reste déjà plus qu&rsquo;une trentaine de survivants. Le 13, ils jettent à la mer les malades et les blessés, dont la cantinière, une femme noire. Dès le 7 juillet, il a fallu recourir au cannibalisme pour se nourrir.On peut imaginer l&rsquo;effet de ce livre, les implications politiques, l&rsquo;émoi de l&rsquo;opinion publique. Des gravures du drame circulent vite, et le Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin en fait un mélodrame, joué en avril 1819. Le 25 août 1819, s&rsquo;ouvre le Salon. Une toile, dont le titre a été censuré, suscite le scandale : <em>Le</em> <em>Radeau de La Méduse</em>, de Théodore Géricault, évidemment – <em>&laquo;&nbsp;un jeune homme</em>&laquo;&nbsp;, écrit la critique, car il a 28 ans. Depuis, elle est demeurée au premier plan de l&rsquo;histoire, au point même que l&rsquo;on oublie trop souvent que Géricault est l&rsquo;auteur d&rsquo;autres chefs-d&rsquo;oeuvre, un portraitiste et un dessinateur de premier ordre.</section>
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<section class="article__content"><strong>UNE ŒUVRE POLITIQUE ET UN MESSAGE CONTRE L&rsquo;ESCLAVAGE<br />
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<section></section>
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<section class="article__content">De même que l&rsquo;on connaît le détail des événements, on connaît celui de la genèse de la peinture. C&rsquo;est elle que retrace l&rsquo;exposition actuelle, en une cinquantaine de dessins et d&rsquo;études peintes. Pourquoi au Musée de Clermont-Ferrand ? Parce qu&rsquo;y a été retrouvé récemment dans ses réserves un portrait d&rsquo;homme, attribué à Géricault par Bruno Chenique, spécialiste de l&rsquo;artiste et auteur de l&rsquo;exposition. Celle-ci traite successivement de la composition, des travaux préparatoires pour les nus et leurs postures expressives, des études de visages et de celles que Géricault a consacrées à la décomposition des corps en peignant sur le motif des fragments anatomiques qui lui étaient donnés par l&rsquo;hôpital Beaujon.Sans hésiter longtemps, il choisit un moment décisif du récit de Corréard et Savigny, l&rsquo;approche de l&rsquo;<em>Argu</em><em>s</em>. Ce n&rsquo;est pas le plus tragique, puisqu&rsquo;il aurait pu peindre le carnage sur le radeau, les blessés jetés à la mer ou les scènes de cannibalisme. Il ne le fait pas parce que, dans ce cas, son oeuvre n&rsquo;aurait pas été exposée au Salon, pour des raisons de décence. Mais il introduit des détails explicites, armes abandonnées, corps mutilés, plaies mal pansées. En attirant l&rsquo;attention sur eux, l&rsquo;exposition incite à une compréhension plus complète de tout ce qui constitue l&rsquo;oeuvre, aussi bien du point de vue artistique que du point de vue politique et moral.Les dessins de musculatures d&rsquo;après modèle confirment ce qui est flagrant au Louvre : Géricault se mesure en toute simplicité à Michel-Ange et démontre, face à l&rsquo;hégémonie de David et du néoclassicisme, qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;est pas obligatoire d&rsquo;aller prendre dans l&rsquo;histoire grecque et romaine ou dans la Bible des sujets héroïques et tragiques. Le présent en propose qu&rsquo;il faut avoir l&rsquo;audace de saisir et de porter aux dimensions d&rsquo;une très grande toile. Delacroix et Manet s&rsquo;en sont souvenus – Delacroix qui, du reste, pose pour l&rsquo;un des naufragés.Autre remarque : Géricault place trois figures d&rsquo;hommes noirs sur le radeau – et la cantinière jetée à l&rsquo;eau -, alors qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;y en avait en réalité qu&rsquo;un seul. Cette décision est liée à la lutte contre la traite des Noirs, qui se pratique toujours alors en dépit de son interdiction supposée. La lecture politique en est précisée. On sait en effet que le <em>Radeau </em>est une œuvre hostile à la Restauration et aux émigrés, mais moins qu&rsquo;elle est aussi une dénonciation de l&rsquo;esclavage.L&rsquo;analyse et la démonstration sont donc efficaces et précises. Sans doute pour qu&rsquo;elles le soient encore plus, les oeuvres sont prises dans un réseau dense de textes muraux et une scénographie très visible. Trop, beaucoup trop : cette insistance, cette indiscrétion, ces supports dessinés comme des &laquo;&nbsp;sucettes&nbsp;&raquo; pour affichage publicitaire gênent le regard et le distraient. Il est dommage qu&rsquo;un projet dont la qualité scientifique et didactique est si certaine souffre d&rsquo;une aussi vilaine présentation.</p>
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<p><em><strong>Géricault, au cœur de la création romantique. Etudes pour &laquo;&nbsp;Le Radeau de la Méduse&nbsp;&raquo;</strong></em><strong>,</strong>Musée d&rsquo;art Roger-Quilliot, place Louis-Deteix, Clermont-Ferrand (63). Tél. : 04-73-16-11-30. Du mardi au vendredi de 10 heures à 18 heures, samedi et dimanche de 10 heures à 12 heures et de 13 heures à 18 heures. Entrée : 5 €. Jusqu&rsquo;au 2 septembre.</p>
<p><strong>Voir par ailleurs:</strong></p>
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<p class="ArticleHeader-headline"><strong>Top sign of an art bubble? Jay Z raps about Warhol</strong></p>
<div class="ArticleHeader-time"><time>Robert Frank</time></div>
<div class="ArticleHeader-time"><time>CNBC</time></div>
<div class="ArticleHeader-time"><time>Sep 11 2013 </time><time></time></div>
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<p>Plenty of economists, art dealers and collectors have warned of an art bubble over the past year. But there is one sure sign that the art market is overdone: Jay Z is now rapping about Warhol, Basquiat and Art Basel.</p>
<p><em> “It ain’t hard to tell<br />
I’m the new Jean-Michel<br />
Surrounded by Warhols<br />
My whole team ball<br />
Twin Bugattis outside<br />
Art Basel ”</em></p>
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<p>Market guru James Grant quotes Jay Z’s “Picasso Baby” in his latest <a class="" title="" role="" href="http://www.grantspub.com/" target="" data-type="" aria-label="">Grant’s Interest Rate Observer</a>, arguing that prices in the contemporary art market may not be justified by long-term value. While well-hyped artists like Jeff Koons, Damien Hirst and Jean-Michel Basquiat are fetching eight-digit prices, it’s unclear whether their work will withstand the test of time, art critics and museums.</p>
<p>It’s hard to tell, for instance, whether one of Koons’ famous pieces, “New Hoover”—four vacuum cleaners in an acrylic case —will be valued as a work of genius or “just another vacuum cleaner,” Grant said.</p>
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<p>“Modern art is valued in terms of modern money,” he wrote. The Fed’s low-interest-rate policies have driven the wealthy increasingly to collectibles of all kinds, including art, cars and jewels. “Miniature interest rates have reduced the opportunity cost of investing in any kind of nonyielding asset.”</p>
<p>And while Koons and Basquiat are hot now, they might end up like the English portraits of the early 19th century, whose frenzied boom was followed by a spectacular bust. Prices never recovered.</p>
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<p>So how can a smart investor play the collectible game without getting sucked into the Koons hype?</p>
<p>Grant suggests buying historical documents: letters from Abraham Lincoln, bills signed by Thomas Jefferson and even public credit reports from Alexander Hamilton. Of course, prices for historical documents have soared along with art.</p>
<p>And a yellowed letter doesn’t look as good over the mansion mantelpiece than a Hirst or Barnett Newman. But the names Jefferson and Lincoln may be more likely to hold up over time.</p>
<p>“Sell Newman, we say, and Jeff Koons, too: buy the Founding Fathers and—as far as that goes—Abraham Lincoln,” Grant writes.</p>
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<p><strong>Voir aussi:</strong></p>
<div class="intro article-info">
<p class="headline heading-content margin-8-top margin-16-bottom"><a href="http://time.com/5315275/art-references-meaning-beyonce-jay-z-apeshit-louvre-music-video/"><strong>Art History Experts Explain the Meaning of the Art in Beyoncé and Jay Z&rsquo;s &lsquo;Apesh-t&rsquo; Video</strong></a></p>
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<div class="author-text" data-tracking-zone="author">Cady Lang</div>
<div data-tracking-zone="author">Time</div>
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<div class="timestamp published-date padding-12-left">June 19, 2018</div>
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<p>Beyoncé and Jay Z stunned the world on June 16 when they dropped their <a href="http://time.com/5314317/jayz-beyonce-everything-is-love-album/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">epic new joint album, </a><em>Everything Is Love </em>and the <a href="http://time.com/5314542/listen-to-everything-is-love/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">music video for the track, “Apesh-t.”</a></p>
<p>The majestic video features the power couple — <a href="http://time.com/money/5314343/everything-is-love-download-listen/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">who are billed on the album simply as “The Carters”</a> — in none other than the Louvre, where they flex on the Mona Lisa in pastel suits and throw a dance party in front of the Great Sphinx of Tanis. Plus, if you were ever unsure that you needed Queen Bey to tell you that she needs to be paid in “equity” while reclining in front of the Winged Victory of Samothrace, consider this video all the confirmation that you’ll ever need.</p>
<p>Because the Carters had the entire Louvre and its incredible art collection at their disposal, it should come as no surprise that some of the world’s most prized artwork and the museum space plays a major role in the video.</p>
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<p>For Kimberly Drew, art curator, writer, and Metropolitan Museum of Art social media editor known to the Internet as <a href="https://twitter.com/museummammy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@museummammy</a>, the video “is super significant and especially for all those bodies of varying shades, to be in the museum space, is really profound.”</p>
<p>“The way that all these works, whether they’re explicitly shown or referenced, it shows that all these things can co-exist and we can see them and I also think there’s an opportunity for people to want to delve deeper into both the contemporary references and the more historical pieces that are present in the galleries,” Drew tells <em>TIME</em>, adding that the video opens up a discourse.</p>
<p>Art historian <a href="https://twitter.com/_aly_tho_" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Alexandra Thomas</a>, whose research as a PhD candidate in African American Studies and History of Art at Yale focuses on black woman’s performance and embodiment, sees the Carters’ decision to stage their video in the Louvre, “an embodied intervention of Western Art.”</p>
<p>“I was thinking a lot about how people – especially white people, European and American people – go to really romanticize empire, to think about genealogies of white male artists, and then we have Beyoncé, a black woman, and her husband, dancing around in the Louvre,” Thomas told TIME.</p>
<p>Thomas and Drew shared their takes on eight major art moments in the Carters’ “Apeshit” music video below.</p>
<p><strong>Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa</strong></p>
<p>When viewers first encounter the Carters in the Louvre, the couple is standing in front of Leonardo da Vinci’s Mona Lisa in coordinating pastel power suits. Thomas said that the Carters positioning themselves in front of one of the world’s most famous pieces of art symbolized them making space for themselves in a traditionally white museum locale.</p>
<p>“Thinking about portraiture, the Mona Lisa is probably one of the most iconic portraits we can think of in the history of Western art,” Thomas said. “Other artists, like <a href="http://time.com/collection-post/5217612/kehinde-wiley/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Kehinde Wiley</a>, Faith Ringgold, and Renee Cox, have played around with that idea too, of a black person inserting themselves into a white painting or a white museum space.”</p>
<p>For Drew, the Mona Lisa moment at the close of the video, when Bey and Jay turn to face the painting showed the agency that the Carters are exercising as both consumers and creators of art.</p>
<p>“Much less than how historically white standards of beauty have operated, she provides us the opportunity to engage with the art. She reminds us that she, herself, is offering us this video. They are the ones who are in charge here.”</p>
<p><strong>Jacques-Louis David, The Consecration of the Emperor Napoleon and the Coronation of Empress Joséphine on <a href="https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/consecration-emperor-napoleon-and-coronation-empress-josephine-december-2-1804" target="_blank" rel="noopener">December 2, 1804</a></strong></p>
<p>The parallels that Beyoncé draws here are far from subtle; by positioning her body directly under the kneeling figure of Joséphine being crowned by Napoleon (who had just crowned himself, as opposed to letting the church do it) it appears that Queen Bey is not looking to the establishment for confirmation of her greatness. Napoleon’s role as one of the world’s most notorious colonizers adds another dimension of complexity to this juxtaposition.</p>
<p>Jay Z reiterates this idea when he raps “Tell the Grammy’s f-ck that 0 for 8 sh*t/have you ever seen the crowd goin’ apeshit?” right after telling the NFL, “I said no to the Super Bowl/You need me, I don’t need you.” The choreography that she performs with her line of dancers (reminiscent of her “Formation” lineup) is a display of strength and joy, something that Thomas saw as similar to a piece by Ringgold, titled “Dancing in the Louvre.”</p>
<p>“Beyoncé’s not interested in respectability politics that would fall in line with the Western empire or things like that. She just has these black women of all these different shapes, wearing tight, nude clothing. It’s very clear that she wanted nude leotards that would match black skin — and it’s just pleasure and joy in having all these black women dance. In the Faith Ringgold quilt, you see young black kids just running through the Louvre. It’s a black feminist intervention that’s about love and pleasure and joy.”</p>
<p><strong>Winged Victory of Samothrace</strong></p>
<p>The Winged Victory of Samothrace is a Greek statue of the goddess Nike, who symbolized victory, from<a href="http://musee.louvre.fr/oal/victoiredesamothrace/victoiredesamothrace_acc_en.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> the 2nd century, BC</a>. In the video, Beyoncé appears and dances in front of the statue in garb that mimics the structure of the angelic wings and coverings of the statue; however, that’s not the only way that the video uses wings to send a message.</p>
<p>The video opens with a shot of a man wearing angel wings, kneeling in front of the museum, something Thomas says could be a reference to the film, <em>Looking for Langston.</em></p>
<p>“The film shows black people with large wings that somewhat replicate that sculpture. An Essex Hemphill poem in it talks about falling angels that connect to the history of black life and death, which is something that Beyoncé has dealt with in her work as well,” she said.</p>
<p>The Hemphill poem that Thomas referenced is called “Visiting Hours.”</p>
<p><strong>Great Sphinx of Tanis</strong></p>
<p>The Great Sphinx of Tanis is <a href="https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/great-sphinx-tanis" target="_blank" rel="noopener">one of the largest sphinxes housed outside of Egypt</a> and is believed to date back to the Old Kingdom. Thomas suggests that Beyoncé and Jay Z’s choice to feature the Great Sphinx in the video is an reminder that ancient Egypt and its history are part of a larger African history.</p>
<p>“Part of the way the museum represents white supremacy in Western art and Western dominance is through a tracing of the past that sees ancient Greece and ancient Rome as the birthplace of civilization and democracy,” Thomas said. “I think one way that black artists and performers try to re-narrativize that is with imagery that we associate with ancient Egypt. Museums are very deliberate about not considering Ancient Egypt within the history of African and black art; instead, it’s often put together with ancient Greece and Rome, even though ancient Egypt is part of Africa. Beyoncé is a part of a tradition of not only black artists and performers, but activists too who find power in imagery like that because it connects them to an African past where there is a narrative of innovation and power.”</p>
<p><strong>Venus de Milo</strong></p>
<p>The Venus de Milo, an ancient Greek statue of the goddess Aphrodite, has long been held up as a standard of awe-inducing beauty. Beyoncé’s nude bodysuit and her pose in the “S curve” of the statue draw an obvious parallel to the statue, but Thomas said it wasn’t a surprise since Bey’s birth announcement drew many an Aphrodite comparison.</p>
<p>“Beyoncé is obviously very interested in Venus and Aphrodite imagery. For Beyoncé to have these black performers with her and her husband, performing in front of an iconic piece of ancient Greek sculpture – which probably symbolizes European beauty standards more than anything – was really powerful.”</p>
<p><strong>Marie-Guillemine Benoist, Portrait of a Black Woman (Negress)</strong></p>
<p>Marie-Guillemine Benoist painted “Portrait of a Black Woman (Negress)” in 1800, during <a href="http://www.artnews.com/2018/06/17/guide-art-beyonce-jay-zs-new-music-video-louvre/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">a brief period of abolition of slavery in French colonies.</a></p>
<p>While the portrait has been speculated to be a symbol of the French republic, post-revolution, Thomas points to it as one of many examples of how black bodies are a part of Western art, even when black culture hasn’t always been welcomed or represented.</p>
<p>“Carrie Mae Weems has a series called Museums 2006, where she’s standing in front of Western museums and she has one where she’s standing outside of the Louvre. It’s meant to symbolize what it means for a black person to not see their culture reflected in the history of Western art, but still seeing their bodies in it, which makes me think of the Negress portrait, where her breast is exposed and she’s hyper-sexualized,” Thomas says.</p>
<p>She continued: “Black women and black women artists are excluded from the history of Western art, but their bodies, particularly sexualized or desexualized in domestic labor or sexual labor, are there. I think what really stuck with me was the juxtaposition of subject portraits of white womanhood…the Mona Lisa with the Negress painting and then we have Beyoncé intervening in this narrative and also being so unapologetically black about it too. Beyoncé and these other artists aren’t assimilating, but instead, staging this embodied intervention that disrupts more than it conforms to the logistics of Western art and Western museums.”</p>
<p><strong>The Album Cover</strong></p>
<p>One of the closing scenes in the “Apesh-t” music video doubles as the <em>Everything is Love </em>album cover; the scene shows two of the ensemble dancers, Jasmine Harper and Nicholas “Slick” Stewart in front of the Mona Lisa. Harper is picking out Stewart’s hair, an intimate scene that Drew believes references photographer Deana Lawson and Carrie Mae Weems.</p>
<p>“I think it’s significant because it’s a moment that’s really intimate in an extremely public space,” she said. “I think it’s also significant because of their proximity to the painting as well – anyone who’s visited the Louvre knows that it’s hard to get up close to that artwork, so seeing them here was profound. What’s forefronted in the image to me is as much Deena Lawson as it is Carrie Mae Weems.”</p>
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<p>Drew also pointed out that this video is part of a longer history of the Carters’ support and participation in fine art.</p>
<p>“Of course you have to think about <em>Picasso Baby</em> while watching this video and of course, there’s Tina’s [Lawson, Beyoncé’s mother] influence on the Knowles women and their relationship to art, it’s a definite family affair.”</p>
<p><strong>Voir enfin:</strong></p>
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<p><strong><a class="postid-13196712" href="https://nypost.com/2018/11/17/the-obamas-are-becoming-a-billion-dollar-brand/">The Obamas are ‘Becoming’ a billion-dollar brand</a></strong></p>
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<p class="byline">Isabel Vincent</p>
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<p class="byline-date">The New York Post</p>
<p class="byline-date">November 17, 2018</p>
<p>The Obamas are “Becoming” — billionaires.</p>
<p>The launch of Michelle Obama’s <a href="https://nypost.com/2018/11/14/michelle-obamas-money-making-hypocrisy-is-laughable/">cross-country book tour</a> for her new memoir, “<a href="https://nypost.com/2018/11/14/michelle-obamas-money-making-hypocrisy-is-laughable/">Becoming</a>,” last week is just the latest marker on the road to fabulous wealth for the former first couple, who are on their way to becoming a billion-dollar brand.</p>
<p>In addition to a $65 million book advance and an estimated $50 million deal with Netflix, both of which she shares with husband Barack Obama, the former first lady is poised to rake in millions from appearances on her 10-city US tour and sales of merchandise connected to her autobiography.</p>
<p>And like her husband, Michelle Obama is currently in demand as a speaker for corporations and nonprofits, commanding $225,000 per appearance, The Post has learned.</p>
<p>Forbes estimated the couple made $20.5 million in salaries and book royalties between 2005 — when Barack Obama became a US senator and they first arrived in Washington — and 2016. They are now worth more than $135 million.</p>
<p>And that figure does not include the cash they are raking in for public speaking.</p>
<p>In October 2017, Michelle Obama was a keynote speaker at the Pennsylvania Conference for Women, a nonprofit that promotes education and networking.</p>
<p>Obama did an on-stage interview with Hollywood producer and writer Shonda Rhimes in Philadelphia for an audience of 12,000.</p>
<p>The New York-based Harry Walker Agency Inc., which books both Obamas for speaking gigs, billed the Pennsylvania Conference for Women $225,000 in 2017, according to the nonprofit’s most recent tax filings.</p>
<p>Barack Obama currently rakes in $400,000 per speech, and earned at least $1.2 million for three talks to Wall Street firms in 2017. The fees come on top of his $207,800 annual presidential pension, which he began receiving as soon as he left office.</p>
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<p>Months after leaving the White House, the former president agreed to speak at a health care conference organized by financial services company Cantor Fitzgerald. This was in addition to $800,000 that he earned for two speeches to Northern Trust Corp. and the Carlyle Group.</p>
<p>“Becoming” has already been <a href="https://nypost.com/2018/11/12/michelle-obamas-memoir-gets-picked-for-oprahs-book-club/">chosen for Oprah Winfrey’s Book Club</a>, a distinction that has catapulted many authors to mega-best-seller status.</p>
<p>Tickets for “A Conversation with Michelle Obama” at sports venues across the country have also become a hot commodity.</p>
<p>Prices for Obama’s appearance at Brooklyn’s Barclay’s Center next month currently range from $307 to $4,070, which includes a photo with Michelle Obama and a signed copy of “Becoming.”</p>
<p>In addition to cash from appearances and book sales, Obama will reap the benefits of hawking 25 different items of merchandise connected to the book, many of which bear her likeness and feature inspirational messages.</p>
<p>The items include T-shirts and hoodies, a $20 “Find Your Voice” mug, and “Find Your Flame and Keep It Lit” candles, which retail for $35 each. Ten percent of the proceeds from the sales will go to the Global Girls Alliance, an initiative under the Barack Obama Foundation to provide education to adolescent girls around the world.</p>
<p>Barack Obama also donated some of the profits of his three bestselling books to charity.</p>
<p>According to Forbes, he donated $392,000 in royalties from a children’s book — “Of Thee I Sing: A Letter to My Daughters” — to the Fisher House Foundation between 2009 and 2015. The nonprofit supports families of veterans.</p>
<p>He raked in a combined $8.8 million for “The Audacity of Hope,” published in 2006, and his children’s book, which was released in 2010. He also made nearly $7 million from “Dreams from My Father.”</p>
<p>In addition to their multimillion-dollar literary empire, the couple is set to reap the benefits of a creative production <a href="https://nypost.com/2018/05/21/obamas-ink-production-deal-with-netflix/">deal they signed with Netflix</a> earlier this year.</p>
<p>The $50 million, multi-year deal calls on the Obamas “to produce a diverse mix of content, including the potential for scripted series, unscripted series, docuseries, documentaries and features,” which will be broadcast in 190 countries, according to a statement from the streaming service, which has 125 million subscribers around the globe.</p>
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