Today at work we were optimizing memory usage. At some moment we found out that size (on stack) of our basic data structures is x bytes bigger than summed size of their members. Every basic data structure was written following Alexandrescu policy based design – using inheritance from some templated empty classes. Let’s see a simple example:

class A { };
class B { };
class C : public A, B
{
    int test;
};

int main()
{
    printf( "%d\n", sizeof( C ) );
    return 0;
}

Compiler uses 4 byte aligment. Will this program print 4? That depends. Compiled by GCC it will print 4, but compiled by VC++ (2005-2010) it will print 8.