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<h1 class="entry-title">Hyperloop – Future Transportation Technologies</h1>
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<div class="adt"><span class="vcard author"><span class="fn"><a title="Posts by admin" href="http://futuretechreport.com/author/admin/" rel="author">admin</a></span></span><span class="meta-sep"> | </span><span class="date updated">October 29, 2017</span></div>
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<p>Hyperloop by <strong>Elon Musk</strong> is the future transportation technology. In Musk’s words, a hyperloop is a system to build a tube over or under the ground that contains a special environment. Hyperloop is expected to become 5th mode of transportation, standing beside planes, trains, automobiles, and boats in the pantheon of mechanized movement.</p>
<p><strong>Hyperloop One</strong>, previously known as Hyperloop One or Hyperloop Technologies is a company in Los Angeles, California, that is working to commercialize the Hyperloop for moving passengers and/or cargo at airline speeds at a fraction of the cost of air travel. The concept of Hyperloop transportation was introduced and named by Elon Musk in August 2013, although he is not involved with Hyperloop One or any other company developing Hyperloop.</p>
<p>Hyperloop is essentially a train system that Musk calls “a cross between a Concorde, a railgun, and an air hockey table”. It’s based on the very high-speed transit (VHST) system proposed in 1972, which combines a magnetic levitation train and a low-pressure transit tube. It evolves some of the original ideas of VHST, but it still uses tunnels and pods or capsules to move from place to place.</p>
<p>Hyperloop isn’t about going as fast as possible because you’ll have to deal with high G-forces when it came to turns, which isn’t ideal for passenger travel. Speeds of over 700mph are suggested for journeys. Planes, trains, and automobiles may have carried us through the 20th century, but these days, they’re old news. The transportation of the future will be more along the lines of magnetic levitation, jetpacks, and zip lines that fit in a backpack and they could be here sooner than you think.</p>
<h2>Future Transportation Technologies</h2>
<p>Gregory Winfree, the administrator of the Department of Transportation’s Research and Innovative Technology Administration, told <a href="http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2013/11/27/five-future-transportation-technologies-that-will-actually-happen.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">FoxNews</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>New technologies have the potential to make our roads and transit systems safer, greener and more efficient. We are working hard to ensure that these technologies can be integrated safely into our existing system.</p></blockquote>
<p><a href="http://futuretechreport.com/hyperloop-future-transportation-technologies/hyperloop-future-transportation-technologies/" rel="attachment wp-att-202"><img data-attachment-id="202" data-permalink="https://richard2496.wordpress.com/?p=202" data-orig-file="" data-orig-size="" data-comments-opened="0" data-image-meta="[]" data-image-title="Demand for Food" data-image-description="&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Global Demand for Food Is Rising. Can We Meet It?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Over the last century, the global population has quadrupled. In 1915, there were &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/sixbillion/sixbilpart1.pdf&quot;&gt;1.8 billion people in the world&lt;/a&gt;. Today, according to the &lt;a href=&quot;http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/publications/files/key_findings_wpp_2015.pdf&quot;&gt;most recent estimate by the UN&lt;/a&gt;, there are 7.3 billion people — and we may reach 9.7 billion by 2050. This growth, along with rising incomes in developing countries (which cause dietary changes such as eating more protein and meat) are &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/ap106e/ap106e.pdf&quot;&gt;driving up&lt;/a&gt; global food demand.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Food demand is expected to increase anywhere between &lt;a href=&quot;http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/agec.12089/abstract&quot;&gt;59% to 98% by 2050&lt;/a&gt;. This will shape agricultural markets in ways we have not seen before. Farmers worldwide will need to increase crop production, either by increasing the amount of agricultural land to grow crops or by enhancing productivity on existing agricultural lands through fertilizer and irrigation and adopting new methods like precision farming.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;However, the ecological and social trade-offs of clearing more land for agriculture are often high, particularly in the tropics. And right now, crop yields — the amount of crops harvested per unit of land cultivated — are &lt;a href=&quot;http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0066428&quot;&gt;growing too slowly&lt;/a&gt; to meet the forecasted demand for food.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Many other factors, from climate change to urbanization to a lack of investment, will also make it challenging to produce enough food. There is &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v4/n4/full/nclimate2153.html&quot;&gt;strong academic consensus&lt;/a&gt;that climate change–driven water scarcity, rising global temperatures, and extreme weather will have severe long-term effects on crop yields. These are expected to impact many major agricultural regions, especially those close to the Equator. For example, the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso, one of the most important agricultural regions worldwide, may face an &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nclimate2934.html&quot;&gt;18% to 23% reduction&lt;/a&gt; in soy and corn output by 2050, due to climate change. The Midwestern U.S. and Eastern Australia — two other globally important regions — may also see a &lt;a href=&quot;http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/9/3/034011&quot;&gt;substantial decline&lt;/a&gt; in agricultural output due to extreme heat.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Yet some places are expected to (initially) benefit from climate change. Countries stretching over northern latitudes — mainly China, Canada, and Russia — &lt;a href=&quot;http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0107522&quot;&gt;are forecasted to experience longer and warmer growing seasons&lt;/a&gt; in certain areas. Russia, which is already a major grain exporter, has huge untapped production potential because of &lt;a href=&quot;http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/9/8/084017/meta&quot;&gt;large crop yield gaps&lt;/a&gt; (the difference between current and potential yields under current conditions) and &lt;a href=&quot;http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2013GB004654/full&quot;&gt;widespread abandoned farmland&lt;/a&gt; (more than 40 million hectares, an area larger than Germany) following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, in 1991. The country arguably has the most agricultural opportunity in the world, but institutional reform and significant investments in agriculture and rural infrastructure will be needed to realize it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Advanced logistics, transportation, storage, and processing are also crucial for making sure that food goes from where it grows in abundance to where it doesn’t. This is where soft commodity trading companies, such as Cargill, Louis Dreyfus, or COFCO, come in. While Big Food companies such as General Mills or Unilever have tremendous global influence on what people eat, trading companies have a much greater impact on food security, because they source and distribute our staple foods and the ingredients used by Big Food, from rice, wheat, corn, and sugar to soybean and oil palm. They also store periodically produced grains and oilseeds so that they can be consumed all year, and they process soft commodities so that they can be used further down the value chain. For example, wheat needs to be milled into flour to produce bread or noodles, and soybeans must be crushed to produce oil or feed for livestock.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Nonetheless, even if some regions increase their output and traders reduce the mismatch between supply and demand, doubling food production by 2050 will undeniably be a major challenge. Businesses and governments will have to work together to increase productivity, encourage innovation, and improve integration in supply chains toward a sustainable global food balance.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;First and foremost, farmers, trading companies, and other processing groups (Big Food in particular) need to commit to deforestation-free supply chains. Deforestation causes rapid and irreversible losses of biodiversity, is the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v2/n11/full/ngeo671.html&quot;&gt;second largest source of carbon dioxide emissions&lt;/a&gt; after fossil fuels, and has contributed greatly to global warming—adding to the negative pressure on agriculture production for which these forests were cleared in the first place.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Farmers must also grow more on the land they currently operate through what is called “sustainable intensification.” This means using precision farming tools, such as GPS fertilizer dispersion, advanced irrigation systems, and environmentally optimized crop rotations. These methods can help produce more crops, especially in parts of  Africa, Latin America, and Eastern Europe with large yield gaps. They can also reduce the negative environmental impacts from over-stressing resources–preventing&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nature.com/nclimate/journal/v4/n11/full/nclimate2425.html?WT.ec_id=NCLIMATE-201411&quot;&gt;groundwater depletion&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167880915000766&quot;&gt;destruction of fertile lands&lt;/a&gt; through over-use of fertilizer.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The agricultural sector also needs significant long-term private investment and public spending. Many large institutional investors, including &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.tiaa.org/public/about-tiaa/news-press/press-releases/pressrelease602.html&quot;&gt;pension funds&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://rdif.ru/Eng_fullNews/1373/&quot;&gt;sovereign wealth funds&lt;/a&gt;, have already made major commitments to support global agricultural production and &lt;a href=&quot;http://cppib.com/en/public-media/headlines/2016/CPPIB-glencore-2016.html&quot;&gt;trading&lt;/a&gt; in recent years—not least because agricultural (land) investments have historically delivered strong returns, increased diversification, and outpaced inflation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Still, investment in agriculture in most developing countries has declined &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3900e.pdf&quot;&gt;over the last 30 years&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fao.org/docrep/017/i3028e/i3028e.pdf&quot;&gt;much less is spent on R&amp;amp;D&lt;/a&gt; compared to developed countries—resulting in low productivity and stagnant production. And because banking sectors in developing countries &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/financialsector/brief/agriculture-finance&quot;&gt;give fewer loans to farmers&lt;/a&gt; (compared to the share of agriculture in GDP), investments by both farmers and large corporations are still limited. To attract more financing and investment in agriculture, the risks need to be reduced by governments. Regulators need to overhaul policies that limit inclusion of small, rural farmers into the financial system— for example, soft loans (i.e., lending that is more generous than market lending) and interest rate caps discourage bank lending. More supportive policies, laws, and public spending on infrastructure would help create a favorable investment climate for agriculture.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Global policy makers, corporations, and consumers must put the global food balance higher up the agenda. International business leaders who are participating in this supply chain have to better communicate the need for policy changes and for developed countries to incentivize investment in regions where there is the most potential for growth. Our food security will depend on it.&lt;/p&gt;
" data-medium-file="" data-large-file="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-202" src="https://i2.wp.com/futuretechreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Hyperloop-Future-Transportation-Technologies.jpg" alt="Hyperloop - Future Transportation Technologies" width="1080" height="672" /></a></p>
<p>The future transport technologies include self-driving vehicles which will zip through invisible streets of data. In the next decades, bikes will still be a big part of how we move around urban areas. But while many people will continue to use bikes for health reasons, new technologies may overtake them, offering better ways to zip short distances inside cities.</p>
<p><b>Magnetic levitation trains</b> are not just a lofty dream held over from the 1950s. They are already in operation in Shanghai and Japan. South Korea is building a maglev train that will operate within the Incheon Airport, and China reportedly has a second maglev train in development.</p>
<p>While SUV and truck sales have been on the rise worldwide, that trend has been boosted by low gasoline prices, which can’t last given the finite supplies of fossil fuels. Cars will become much smaller and smaller.</p>
<h3>Hyperloop by Elon Musk</h3>
<p>Hyperloop by Elon Musk is one of the most exciting innovations in transportation. Rising on nearly airless tubes at 800 mph, the train will transport you from LA to San Francisco in just 30 minutes. Elon Musk announced a design scheme back in August, but FoxNews.com has learned the concept is more than a pipe dream it is now a real technology in development.</p>
<h3>How does Hyperloop work?</h3>
<p>Hyperloop proposes to move away from traditional wheels by using air bearings for pods instead. This will have the pod floating on air. It’s similar to maglev, in which the electromagnetic levitation of the train means there is no friction like a traditional train that runs on tracks.</p>
<p>The pod will be battery-powered and propelled by an external linear electric motor an electric induction motor that produces motion in a straight line rather than rotational motion similar to those used in the Tesla Model S. This motor would propel the pod to subsonic velocity that is, slower than the speed of sound, and provide a boost about every 70 miles. The linear electric motor is needed for as little as 1 percent of the tube length, so is not particularly costly.</p>
<h3>Hyperloop One</h3>
<p>Hyperloop One, one of the several start-ups racing to make Elon Musk’s vision for “super-fast travel” a reality, is embroiled in a lawsuit that raises questions about its finances and direction. Hyperloop One is currently developing passenger and cargo system routes in the United States, Canada, Finland, Sweden, the Netherlands, and the United Arab Emirates. It is also in early talks with the Indian government to build one in India. Its publicly stated goal is to deliver a fully operational Hyperloop system by 2021.</p>
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